Historical AI Consensus

This page preserves the research and market snapshot packaged for this batch. It is not updated with later prices or revised advisor outputs.

Symbol: 005930.KRX
Batch: 6
Published: July 5, 2026
AI Advisors: 12

Historical AI Consensus Investment Thesis

Samsung Electronics Co (005930) Stock Forecast and AI Rating

Deep analysis published Jul 05 2026Original pricing snapshot Jul 03 2026

Publisher

Russlan Ramdowar

12 min read

Published 1-Year and 5-Year Forecast Outlook

Forecast targets and rating

Published batch rating

NEUTRAL

Frozen consensus rating from this immutable batch publication.

2027

1-Year

NEUTRAL

₩326,232

+5.4%+7.0% incl. dividends

2031

5-Year

NEUTRAL

₩481,273

+55.5%+67.7% incl. dividends

Published batch insight

How Geopolitical Redundancy and Memory Integration Are Reshaping Advanced Silicon Moats

A sharp divergence exists between short-term cyclical memory bears and long-term structural infrastructure bulls. High consensus supports the asset's unmatched vertical integration of logic, high-bandwidth memory, and advanced packaging as a critical geopolitical hedge, though massive capital expenditure requirements and potential hyperscaler demand digestion present near-term margin friction.

Deep Forecast Analysis by iPulse AI Engine

This analysis preserves the original published batch. Audit published forecasts in full transparency

Warren Buffett (Value Purist), Superintelligence (Anthropologist), Ray Dalio (Strategist), Machiavelli (Insider), Elon Musk (Visionary), Michael Burry (Vulture), J.P. Morgan (Titan), Sherlock Holmes (Whistleblower). Some archetypes run in multiple modes, resulting in 12 advisors total.

Computed on these frontier AI models

Gemini

Full published thesis

Executive Summary

If you invested ₩10,000 in Samsung Electronics Co at publication: ₩16,752 in five years versus ₩14,069 for S&P 500 benchmark.

Samsung Electronics CoS&P 500 benchmark

* Return is calculated incl. 1.5% net dividend yield for Samsung Electronics Co.

Figure: Five-year consensus value path for Samsung Electronics Co compared with S&P 500 benchmark. The shaded band shows dispersion across advisor forecasts.

The base-case narrative positions the asset as a non-substitutable pillar of global compute infrastructure, transitioning from a consumer cyclical to a structural artificial intelligence hardware utility. While near-term performance is subject to cyclical digestion phases, the long-term trajectory is supported by the physical necessity of co-locating logic and memory to bypass the von Neumann bottleneck. Pristine balance sheet liquidity provides an exceptional buffer against restrictive monetary regimes, allowing self-funded capital expenditures to act as an offensive weapon against leveraged competitors. This financial strength enables counter-cyclical investments that widen the competitive moat during industry downturns.

Key insights

Vertical integration of sub-3nm logic, high-bandwidth memory, and advanced packaging under one roof creates a unique turnkey advantage.
Geopolitical fragmentation and Taiwan concentration risks mandate that Western hyperscalers diversify advanced foundry sourcing.
Massive capital expenditure commitments of over thirty billion dollars annually establish an insurmountable physical moat.
The primary risk stems from potential hyperscaler capital expenditure digestion if enterprise software monetization fails to materialize.
Technical execution challenges in advanced node yields could temporarily limit the capture of high-margin custom silicon contracts.
Valuation multiples are expected to expand as the market transitions from trailing cyclical metrics to forward structural cash flows.
On-device artificial intelligence upgrades across consumer ecosystems provide a secondary, highly reliable baseline cash flow engine.

Deep Dive

The conventional market narrative views the asset primarily as a mature, highly cyclical consumer electronics manufacturer that is perpetually playing catch-up in the advanced artificial intelligence race. The crowd focuses heavily on trailing valuation multiples, legacy smartphone upgrade cycles, and commodity memory price swings. There is widespread skepticism regarding the company's ability to challenge established leaders in advanced foundry nodes and high-bandwidth memory. Consequently, the consensus trade treats the asset as a cheaper, value-oriented derivative of the broader artificial intelligence cycle, heavily weighed down by its exposure to sluggish consumer hardware divisions and capital-intensive operations.

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Alpha Gap & Repricing Catalysts

Where the published AI consensus diverged from the market narrative

Market narrative

Alpha gap

The core information gap lies in the market's failure to recognize the physical and thermodynamic advantages of vertical integration in next-generation computing. While the crowd analyzes memory and foundry divisions in isolation, advanced artificial intelligence hardware is moving toward integrated packaging where logic and memory must be co-located at the atomic level. The asset is the only entity globally that controls the entire stack internally, from advanced logic fabrication to high-bandwidth memory and packaging. Furthermore, the market systematically undervalues the geopolitical put option. As Western hyperscalers face unacceptable concentration risks, they are structurally forced to allocate advanced foundry share to this asset as a critical redundant node. This strategic necessity, combined with massive self-funded capital expenditure capacity, creates a highly durable moat that is completely unpriced by trailing cyclical valuation frameworks.

Repricing catalyst

The primary catalyst to force the crowd narrative toward consensus is the formal announcement of a multi-billion-dollar custom silicon contract from a major Western hyperscaler utilizing the asset's unified foundry and advanced packaging nodes. This contract would break the existing advanced logic monopoly and validate the vertical integration thesis. Additionally, upcoming quarterly earnings prints demonstrating massive operating profit expansion driven by high-bandwidth memory contract pricing will mechanically compress trailing valuation multiples, forcing algorithmic screeners and institutional value investors to aggressively acquire shares.

Published consensus context

Macro regime alignment

The macroeconomic backdrop presents a highly favorable structural tailwind for this asset, despite cyclical headwinds in consumer discretionary segments. A regime characterized by persistent inflation, geopolitical fragmentation, and restrictive monetary policy penalizes debt-reliant competitors while rewarding cash-gushing, hard-asset infrastructure monopolies. The asset's debt-free balance sheet allows it to self-fund massive annual capital expenditures entirely out of free cash flow, bypassing expensive credit markets. Furthermore, sovereign industrial subsidies and national security mandates for localized supply chains structurally redirect capital toward the asset's non-aligned fabrication facilities, insulating it from broader macroeconomic weakness.

Published consensus context

Advisor disagreement

The primary disagreement across the reports centers on the duration and structural nature of the current memory cycle. One faction argues that artificial intelligence demand has fundamentally altered the industry's capital cycle, establishing a permanent, high-margin infrastructure baseline. Conversely, another faction maintains that the massive capital expenditure response will inevitably lead to a severe supply glut and margin collapse by late 2027, adhering to classic commodity cycle dynamics. There is also minor disagreement regarding the timeline for advanced foundry yield stabilization and the drag of legacy consumer divisions.

Published scenario analysis

Base-case forces, risks, and opportunities

Top drivers and tailwinds

High-Bandwidth Memory Bandwidth Wall: The primary bottleneck in artificial intelligence scaling has shifted from raw compute power to memory transfer bandwidth. The asset sits at the center of this physical requirement, leveraging its massive scale to produce high-bandwidth memory and next-generation DDR5. This inelastic demand from hyperscalers alters the memory division from a cyclical commodity producer to a structural infrastructure provider, securing sustained pricing power and elevated baseline margins over the forecast horizon. Expected impact: +40%.
Geopolitical Foundry Sourcing Diversification: Extreme geographic concentration in advanced logic fabrication presents an unacceptable risk to Western governments and hyperscalers. As a result, strategic mandates require a viable secondary source for sub-3nm nodes. The asset's non-aligned fabrication footprint and massive investments in onshore facilities position it to capture significant overflow demand, securing long-term, price-insensitive custom silicon contracts. Expected impact: +20%.
Turnkey Vertical Integration Advantage: As chip architectures grow increasingly complex, the physical co-location and co-design of logic, memory, and advanced packaging become essential to bypass thermodynamic limits. The asset is the singular global entity capable of providing an end-to-end turnkey solution under one corporate roof. This integrated model reduces latency, lowers power consumption, and captures margin at every layer of the hardware stack. Expected impact: +15%.
Fortress Balance Sheet and Self-Funding Capacity: Operating with virtually zero debt, the asset is completely insulated from high interest rates and credit market tightening. This pristine capitalization allows the company to self-fund massive annual capital expenditures and research counter-cyclically. While leveraged competitors are forced to scale back, the asset can aggressively expand capacity and execute share buybacks, compounding long-term per-share intrinsic value. Expected impact: +10%.

Top frictions and headwinds

Hyperscaler Capital Expenditure Digestion: The current panic-driven infrastructure buildout by cloud giants faces potential rationalization if enterprise software monetization fails to meet expectations. A sudden freeze or reduction in server procurement would trigger a severe inventory glut in high-bandwidth memory and advanced logic. Given the asset's high fixed-cost operating leverage, a demand-side pause would compress margins and earnings for several quarters. Expected impact: -20%.
Advanced Node Yield and Packaging Moats: The asset continues to face technical execution challenges, with advanced foundry yields and packaging standards trailing the primary incumbent. This yield deficit limits the company's ability to secure the most lucrative, high-margin custom silicon contracts from tier-one hyperscalers. Failure to achieve yield parity risks relegating the foundry division to a secondary-source status with lower capital efficiency. Expected impact: -12%.
Stagflationary Consumer Drag: Persistent inflation and high interest rates continue to erode global household discretionary purchasing power. The asset's legacy consumer electronics, smartphone, and display divisions remain highly sensitive to these macroeconomic headwinds. Elongated replacement cycles and rising component costs compress margins in these legacy segments, acting as a persistent anchor on consolidated revenue growth. Expected impact: -10%.
Supply Chain Input and Energy Volatility: Advanced semiconductor fabrication is intensely energy and resource-intensive. Geopolitical disruptions and logistical chokepoints expose the asset to supply shocks in critical raw materials, such as noble gases and specialized chemicals. Higher shipping premiums and elevated domestic energy costs act as a persistent tax on manufacturing efficiency, compressing margins on commodity-tier products. Expected impact: -6%.

Tail risks

Artificial Intelligence Capital Expenditure Collapse: Enterprise adoption of generative artificial intelligence stalls due to persistent technical limitations or security concerns, prompting hyperscalers to slash infrastructure budgets by over fifty percent. This sudden demand collapse would strand the asset's massive capital investments, triggering severe inventory write-downs and deep operating losses in the semiconductor division. Probability: +30%. Expected impact: -35%.
Advanced Node Yield Failure: The asset structurally fails to achieve commercially viable yields on its next-generation sub-2nm Gate-All-Around nodes, leading to severe thermal leakage or performance issues. Hyperscalers would abandon their diversification mandates and retreat entirely to the dominant incumbent, rendering the asset's multi-billion-dollar advanced fabrication plants stranded assets. Probability: +25%. Expected impact: -25%.

Tail opportunities

Primary Hyperscaler Turnkey Contract Win: A major Western cloud provider formally designates the asset as the primary manufacturer for its next-generation custom artificial intelligence accelerators, utilizing the combined logic, memory, and packaging bundle. This would shatter the incumbent's monopoly narrative, immediately closing the valuation multiple gap and unlocking billions in high-margin structural revenue. Probability: +35%. Expected impact: +25%.
Taiwan Strait Supply Disruption: A severe kinetic escalation or maritime blockade in the Taiwan Strait abruptly halts advanced logic shipments from the dominant incumbent. Western tech giants would be forced to immediately migrate all advanced silicon volume to the asset's foundry. This black-swan event would instantly transform the asset into a civilizational monopoly, triggering unprecedented multiple expansion. Probability: +15%. Expected impact: +45%.

Company Financial Analysis

Samsung Electronics Co Earnings and Financials Analysis by AI

Financial figures available as of Jul 05, 2026. Only filings and source records available by this analysis date are included.

Earnings and financials

AI Review

The reports show a massive jump in recent earnings, highlighted by a spectacular increase in net income driven by the high demand and premium pricing for advanced artificial intelligence memory chips. This has shifted the company from a typical slow period into a highly profitable phase. However, there is a clear disagreement about what happens next. Some experts believe this high level of profitability is the new normal because tech giants will continuously need these specialized chips. Others warn that this is just the peak of a temporary boom, and earnings will drop sharply once the initial rush slows down and more supply becomes available. Despite this debate, the company's ability to generate massive cash flows provides a strong safety net, helping it stay highly resilient even if the broader global economy faces inflation and slower growth.

Revenue, earnings, and cash flow

The table compares up to five fiscal years of revenue, net income, and free cash flow available to this analysis.

Revenue, net income, and free cash flow history
Fiscal year	Revenue	Net income	Free cash flow
2025	KRW 333.6T	KRW 44.3T	KRW 33.2T
2024	KRW 300.9T	KRW 33.6T	KRW 21.6T
2023	KRW 258.9T	KRW 14.5T	KRW -16.4T
2022	KRW 302.2T	KRW 54.7T	KRW 9.1T
2021	KRW 279.6T	KRW 39.2T	KRW 15.3T

Valuation context: historical P/E

The table compares up to five fiscal years of point-in-time valuation evidence available to this analysis.

Historical price-to-earnings ratios
Fiscal year	P/E	Earnings basis	Currency basis	Ticker / reporting
2025	18.3x	TTM	Native	KRW / KRW
2024	10.7x	TTM	Native	KRW / KRW
2023	36.8x	TTM	Native	KRW / KRW
2022	6.9x	Annual	Native	KRW / KRW
2021	13.5x	Annual	Native	KRW / KRW

P/E uses historical market capitalization and earnings known at each period. Cross-currency observations are normalized to USD using point-in-time FX rates.

Profitability and margins

AI Review

The company's profit margins have bounced back dramatically, driven by the high prices it can charge for advanced artificial intelligence memory chips. This shift has significantly boosted profitability compared to previous years. However, there is a major clash of opinions regarding the future path of these margins. One view is that margins will remain high because the company's unique ability to package memory and logic chips together gives it lasting pricing power. The opposing view is that these high margins are temporary and will shrink back to historical averages as competitors increase their own chip production and the initial artificial intelligence purchasing frenzy cools down. Investors should closely watch the manufacturing efficiency of the newest chips and the stability of memory contract prices, as these factors will decide whether the company can sustain its current high profitability.

The table compares up to five fiscal years of operating income and reported profitability margins.

Operating income and margin history
Fiscal year	Operating income	Operating margin	Net margin
2025	KRW 43.6T	13.1%	13.3%
2024	KRW 32.7T	10.9%	11.2%
2023	KRW 6.6T	2.5%	5.6%
2022	KRW 43.4T	14.4%	18.1%
2021	KRW 51.6T	18.5%	14.0%

Balance sheet and leverage

AI Review

There is absolute consensus that the company's balance sheet is an incredibly strong financial fortress. With virtually zero debt and massive cash reserves, the company is completely insulated from high interest rates and credit market stress. This financial safety net ensures that the company can survive severe economic downturns, geopolitical shocks, or temporary slowdowns in chip demand without any risk of running out of money. Furthermore, this debt-free position gives management incredible flexibility. While competitors struggle with expensive loans, this company can easily fund its own research and factory expansions. It also has the financial power to repurchase its own shares or acquire other businesses during market downturns. Overall, the balance sheet provides ultimate safety for investors, making the company one of the most financially secure businesses in the global technology sector.

The table compares up to five fiscal years of debt, liquidity, net cash or debt, and current-ratio evidence.

Balance sheet leverage and liquidity history
Fiscal year	Total debt	Cash + short-term investments	Net cash / (debt)	Current ratio
2025	KRW 2.8T	KRW 125.8T	KRW 123T net cash	2.33x
2024	KRW 19.3T	KRW 112.7T	KRW 34.4T net cash	2.43x
2023	KRW 12.7T	KRW 92.4T	KRW 56.4T net cash	2.71x
2022	KRW 10.3T	KRW 115.2T	KRW 39.3T net cash	2.79x
2021	KRW 18.4T	KRW 124.2T	KRW 20.6T net cash	2.48x

Net debt below zero is displayed as net cash. Current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities.

Capex and investment intensity

AI Review

The company is spending an extraordinary amount of money on its factories and research, with annual investments running into tens of billions of dollars. There is strong agreement that this heavy spending is necessary to build advanced chip factories and maintain a competitive edge in next-generation technology. This massive spending acts as a physical shield, making it nearly impossible for smaller competitors to keep up. However, opinions differ on the financial wisdom of this strategy. Some view it as an aggressive, winning offensive to capture market share from rivals. Others worry that this massive spending will lead to high depreciation costs that will hurt profit margins if demand for artificial intelligence chips slows down. Crucially, because the company is debt-free, it can fund this entire expansion using its own cash, which is a massive advantage when borrowing money is expensive globally.

The table compares up to five fiscal years of capital expenditure and research-and-development investment.

Capital expenditure and research and development history
Fiscal year	Capital expenditure	R&D spend
2025	KRW 52.2T	KRW 37.7T
2024	KRW 51.4T	KRW 35T
2023	KRW 60.5T	KRW 28.3T
2022	KRW 53.1T	KRW 24.9T
2021	KRW 49.8T	KRW 22.4T

Immutable published data

Consensus horizons

The table preserves this publication's original rating, return, and advisor-agreement measurements by forecast horizon.

Horizon	Rating	Score incl. dividends	Compounded return incl. dividends	Direction agreement	Snapshot
1Y	NEUTRAL	27	+7%	Not available	ORIGINAL
5Y	NEUTRAL	122	+67.7%	Not available	ORIGINAL

Consensus forecast path

The table outlines the frozen bear, consensus, and bull price scenarios for each published forecast period.

Period	Date	Bear case	Consensus	Bull case	AI Advisors
+3M	October 3, 2026	272,360	322,653.75	386,875	12
+6M	January 3, 2027	231,506	330,411.88	433,300	12
+9M	April 3, 2027	208,355.4	325,696.03	467,964	12
+1Y	July 3, 2027	191,686.97	326,231.69	491,362.2	12
+15M	October 3, 2027	182,102.62	327,617.89	511,016.69	12
+18M	January 3, 2028	182,102.62	327,007.74	480,355.69	12
+21M	April 3, 2028	176,457.44	322,622.24	480,355.69	12
+2Y	July 3, 2028	179,986.59	336,576.85	518,784.14	12
+27M	October 3, 2028	188,985.92	353,265.34	549,911.19	12
+30M	January 3, 2029	204,104.79	370,018.52	588,404.97	12
+33M	April 3, 2029	212,268.98	375,194.4	617,825.22	12
+3Y	July 3, 2029	218,637.05	383,506.92	593,112.21	12
+39M	October 3, 2029	214,264.31	394,488.15	610,905.58	12
+42M	January 3, 2030	216,058.24	408,654.26	641,450.86	12
+45M	April 3, 2030	220,379.4	416,848.89	667,108.89	12
+4Y	July 3, 2030	226,990.79	425,078.21	707,135.43	12
+51M	October 3, 2030	233,766.05	435,483.46	721,278.13	12
+54M	January 3, 2031	243,116.69	451,681.52	757,342.04	12
+57M	April 3, 2031	247,873.94	464,175.37	780,062.3	12
+5Y	July 3, 2031	240,437.72	481,272.5	811,264.8	12

Frozen comparison context

SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust forecast context

The benchmark definition and forecast path are frozen with this publication so future benchmark changes do not rewrite the historical comparison.

Benchmark snapshot: 744.78 on July 2, 2026

Period	Date	Bear case	Consensus	Bull case
+3M	October 2, 2026	714.9888	736.0909	759.6756
+6M	January 2, 2027	657.7897	724.1434	782.4659
+9M	April 2, 2027	592.0107	713.5711	790.2905
+1Y	July 2, 2027	562.4102	723.3821	821.9021
+15M	October 2, 2027	539.9138	716.6125	813.6831
+18M	January 2, 2028	550.7121	738.3442	869.6268
+21M	April 2, 2028	534.1907	746.9119	913.1081
+2Y	July 2, 2028	534.1907	771.9272	967.8946
+27M	October 2, 2028	566.2421	782.7251	938.8578
+30M	January 2, 2029	574.4406	807.3094	995.1893
+33M	April 2, 2029	597.4182	822.722	1,074.8044
+3Y	July 2, 2029	615.3408	846.0985	1,117.7966
+39M	October 2, 2029	624.1488	852.525	1,117.7966
+42M	January 2, 2030	649.1147	882.9093	1,173.6864
+45M	April 2, 2030	668.5882	900.4585	1,232.3707
+4Y	July 2, 2030	681.9599	922.6675	1,281.6656
+51M	October 2, 2030	695.5991	935.9097	1,320.1155
+54M	January 2, 2031	716.4671	952.2951	1,293.7132
+57M	April 2, 2031	730.7964	976.2817	1,345.4617
+5Y	July 2, 2031	738.1044	1,001.9601	1,385.8256

Research Provenance

References & Context

This Samsung Electronics Co consensus analysis combines structured market evidence with independent AI-agent forecasts. External references below are limited to sources recorded by the researcher agents for this forecast batch.

Primary analysis inputs

iPulse AI Multi-Agent Forecasts — independent analyst personas, model outputs, and consensus synthesis.
iPulse AI Global Events Context — macroeconomic, geopolitical, regulatory, and industry-event context.
Structured market history — prices, distributions, volatility, identifiers, and listing metadata.
Company earnings and financial statements — revenue, profitability, balance-sheet, cash-flow, and investment trends.

Context retained with this Consensus

The same public-safe market, global-event, and fundamental context supplied to the AI Advisor panel.

Global context snapshot

2025 Full-Year Global Market and World-Events Context

Download Archived Snapshot

Coverage 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 · Knowledge cutoff 2025-12-31

File size: 90.8K bytes
Words: 12.8K words
Characters: 90.8K characters

This full-year context package covers the principal geopolitical, economic, monetary-policy, technology, trade, energy, and institutional developments that shaped global markets during 2025. It gives the forecasting model a chronological account of major world events together with their likely transmission into growth, inflation, interest rates, supply chains, commodities, currencies, public markets, and sector-level investment conditions.

The package also includes monthly and quarterly macroeconomic and cross-asset reference tables spanning US and international growth, central-bank policy, sovereign yields, major equity indices, foreign exchange, energy, industrial and precious metals, and digital assets. Quarterly and full-year high-impact summaries are integrated; monthly quantitative series remain working values pending final audit, and that qualification is part of the preserved context.

Top 3 market shifts from 2025 Full-Year Global Market and World-Events Context
Top 3 Market Shifts From File	Date	Status
DeepSeek shock and AI economics reset	2025-01-27	OPEN ENDED TREND
US tariff regime escalation and trade-system rupture	2025-02-01	ACTIVE POLICY REGIME
Federal Reserve easing cycle after a prolonged hold	2025-09-17	ACTIVE POLICY REGIME

Representative Sources of the Context File

Federal Reserve US Bureau of Labor Statistics US Bureau of Economic Analysis US Treasury US Energy Information Administration Reuters World Associated Press World News BBC World

And more sources from the retained context package.

2026 Year-to-Date Global Market Context through 2026-05-31

Download Archived Snapshot

Coverage 2026-01-01 to 2026-05-31 · Knowledge cutoff 2026-05-31

File size: 78K bytes
Words: 10.9K words
Characters: 78K characters

This year-to-date package described the geopolitical, macroeconomic, monetary-policy, technology, trade, energy, and cross-asset developments available through the batch knowledge cutoff of 2026-05-31.

It supplied dated market and policy context, including rates, sovereign yields, equities, foreign exchange, energy, metals, and digital assets, for the forecast generation workflow.

Top 3 market shifts from 2026 Year-to-Date Global Market Context through 2026-05-31
Top 3 Market Shifts From File	Date	Status
The Iran and Strait of Hormuz conflict shocked energy markets	2026-02-28	STARTED AND ONGOING
U.S. monetary policy entered the Warsh transition	2026-01-30	STARTED AND ACTIVE POLICY TRANSITION
Agentic AI and infrastructure spending kept expanding	2026-01-01	OPEN ENDED

Representative Sources of the Context File

Federal Reserve U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Treasury U.S. Energy Information Administration Reuters Associated Press BBC News

And more sources from the retained context package.

Fundamental context

Income statement

34 fields

costOfRevenue · currency_symbol · date · depreciationAndAmortization · +30 more fields

Balance sheet

64 fields

accountsPayable · accumulatedAmortization · accumulatedDepreciation · accumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome · +60 more fields

Cash flow

32 fields

beginPeriodCashFlow · capitalExpenditures · cashAndCashEquivalentsChanges · cashFlowsOtherOperating · +28 more fields

Outstanding shares

4 fields

date · dateFormatted · shares · sharesMln

annual: 2007-01-01–2025-12-31, 19 periods; quarterly: 2023-06-30–2026-03-31, 12 periods

Currencies cited: KRW, USD (quote KRW; primary reporting KRW; converted/valuation USD).

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