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Global Money Supply

Interest rates, government yields, broad money and central-bank assets across selected economies.

Data snapshot 15 Nov 2026

Interest rates

Central-bank policy history

BIS policy benchmarks · US target midpoint · Euro-area steering rate

Economic areas2 selected
Economic areas for Central-bank policy history
US3.88%Euro area2.50%
Central-bank policy historyFrom 30 Nov 1996 to 10 Nov 2026. Values in %. Use left and right arrow keys to inspect dates, or open the data table below.0.01.83.65.47.219962004201120192026
Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: US: 3.88% (Nov 2026); Euro area: 2.50% (Nov 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage
Central-bank policy history · % · Quarterly samples
DateUSEuro area
10 Nov 20263.882.50
30 Sept 20263.882.50
30 Jun 20263.632.25
31 Mar 20263.632.00
31 Dec 20253.632.00
30 Sept 20254.132.00
30 Jun 20254.382.00
31 Mar 20254.382.50
31 Dec 20244.383.00
30 Sept 20244.883.50
30 Jun 20245.384.25
31 Mar 20245.384.50
31 Dec 20235.384.50
30 Sept 20235.384.50
30 Jun 20235.134.00
31 Mar 20234.883.50
31 Dec 20224.382.50
30 Sept 20223.131.25
30 Jun 20221.630.00
31 Mar 20220.380.00
31 Dec 20210.130.00
30 Sept 20210.130.00
30 Jun 20210.130.00
31 Mar 20210.130.00
31 Dec 20200.130.00
30 Sept 20200.130.00
30 Jun 20200.130.00
31 Mar 20200.130.00
31 Dec 20191.630.00
30 Sept 20191.880.00
30 Jun 20192.380.00
31 Mar 20192.380.00
31 Dec 20182.380.00
30 Sept 20182.130.00
30 Jun 20181.880.00
31 Mar 20181.630.00
31 Dec 20171.380.00
30 Sept 20171.130.00
30 Jun 20171.130.00
31 Mar 20170.880.00
31 Dec 20160.630.00
30 Sept 20160.380.00
30 Jun 20160.380.00
31 Mar 20160.380.00
31 Dec 20150.380.05
30 Sept 20150.130.05
30 Jun 20150.130.05
31 Mar 20150.130.05
31 Dec 20140.130.05
30 Sept 20140.130.05
30 Jun 20140.130.15
31 Mar 20140.130.25
31 Dec 20130.130.25
30 Sept 20130.130.50
30 Jun 20130.130.50
31 Mar 20130.130.75
31 Dec 20120.130.75
30 Sept 20120.130.75
30 Jun 20120.131.00
31 Mar 20120.131.00
31 Dec 20110.131.00
30 Sept 20110.131.50
30 Jun 20110.131.25
31 Mar 20110.131.00
31 Dec 20100.131.00
30 Sept 20100.131.00
30 Jun 20100.131.00
31 Mar 20100.131.00
31 Dec 20090.131.00
30 Sept 20090.131.00
30 Jun 20090.131.00
31 Mar 20090.131.50
31 Dec 20080.132.50
30 Sept 20082.004.25
30 Jun 20082.004.00
31 Mar 20082.254.00
31 Dec 20074.254.00
30 Sept 20074.754.00
30 Jun 20075.254.00
31 Mar 20075.253.75
31 Dec 20065.253.50
30 Sept 20065.253.00
30 Jun 20065.252.75
31 Mar 20064.752.50
31 Dec 20054.252.25
30 Sept 20053.752.00
30 Jun 20053.252.00
31 Mar 20052.752.00
31 Dec 20042.252.00
30 Sept 20041.752.00
30 Jun 20041.252.00
31 Mar 20041.002.00
31 Dec 20031.002.00
30 Sept 20031.002.00
30 Jun 20031.002.00
31 Mar 20031.252.50
31 Dec 20021.252.75
30 Sept 20021.753.25
30 Jun 20021.753.25
31 Mar 20021.753.25
31 Dec 20011.753.25
30 Sept 20013.003.75
30 Jun 20013.754.50
31 Mar 20015.004.75
31 Dec 20006.504.75
30 Sept 20006.504.50
30 Jun 20006.504.25
31 Mar 20006.003.50
31 Dec 19995.503.00
30 Sept 19995.252.50
30 Jun 19995.002.50
31 Mar 19994.753.00
31 Jan 1999Not available3.00
31 Dec 19984.75Not available
30 Sept 19985.25Not available
30 Jun 19985.50Not available
31 Mar 19985.50Not available
31 Dec 19975.50Not available
30 Sept 19975.50Not available
30 Jun 19975.50Not available
31 Mar 19975.50Not available
31 Dec 19965.25Not available
30 Nov 19965.25Not available
Data sources & definitions

US: Nov 1996–Nov 2026 · Euro area: Jan 1999–Nov 2026

Euro-area history begins January 1999. Its steering-rate definition changes from refinancing to deposit facility in September 2024. BIS definitions may change with monetary-policy frameworks; check the source notes below.

Policy benchmark definitionsCoverage and instrument changes

Poland: From 26 Feb 1998 onwards: official 7 day central bank bill yield; from 1 Jan 1993 to 25 Feb 1998: Lombard rate.

Belgium: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Israel: Offical central bank rate.

United States: From 19 Dec 1985 onwards: mid-point of the Federal Reserve target rate; from 1 Jul 1954 to 18 Dec 1985: US Fed Funds effective rate.

Euro area: From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

United Kingdom: From 3 Aug 2006 onwards: official bank rate; from 6 May 1997 to 2 Aug 2006: repo rate; from 20 Aug 1981 to 5 May 1997: minimum Bank of England Band 1 dealing rate; from 16 Oct 1972 to 19 Aug 1981: minimum lending rate; from 1 Jan 1946 to 15 Oct 1972: bank rate.

Japan: From 24 Sep 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 1.25 percent; From 17 Jun 2026 to 23 Sep 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 1.00 percent; From 22 Dec 2025 to 16 Jun 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.75 percent; From 27 Jan 2025 to 21 Dec 2025: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.50 percent; From 1 Aug 2024 to 26 Jan 2025: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0.25% ; From 21 Mar 2024 to 31 July: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0 to 0.1 %; from 21 Sep 2016 to 20 Mar 2024: the BOJ set the guideline for market operations which specifies a short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1% and a target level of 10-year JGB yields at around 0%. Short-term policy interest rate; from 4 Apr 2013 to 20 Sep 2016: no policy rate; from 5 Oct 2010 to 3 Apr 2013: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0 to 0.1%; from 19 Dec 2008 to 4 Oct 2010: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0. %; from 31 Oct 2008 to 18 Dec 2008: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0.3%; before 30 Oct 2008, refer to https://data.bis.org/topics/CBPOL

Canada: From 1 Jun 1994 onwards: Central Bank target, overnight rate; from 27 Jul 1960 to 31 May 1994: official bank rate.

Australia: From 2 Aug 1990 onwards: cash rate target; from 23 Jan 1990 to 1 Aug 1990: middle of the cash rate target range; from 7 Apr 1976 to 22 Jan 1990: interbank overnight cash rate.

Switzerland: From 13 June 2019 onwards SNB Policy rate; From 1 Jan 2000 to 12 June 2019 mid-point of the SNB target range; from 1 Jan 1946 to 31 Dec 1999: discount rate.

China: From 20 Aug 2019 onwards: Loan Prime Rate (1 year): from 1 Jan 1996 till 19 Aug 2019: Official lending rate (1 year).

Germany: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

India: From 3 Apr 2001 onwards: official repo overnight rate; from 1 Jan 1946 to 2 Apr 2001: oank rate.

France: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Russia: From 13 Sept 2013 onwards: official key rate; from 1 Jan 1992 to 12 Sep 2013: official refinancing rate.

Italy: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Brazil: From 5 Mar 1999 onwards Central Bank target, money market (SELIC) overnight rate; from 1 Jul 1996 to 4 Mar 1999: Central Bank official rediscount rate; from 4 Jun 1986 to 30 Jun 1996: official market intervention rate, representative rate.

South Korea: From 7 Mar 2008 onwards: Bank of Korea base rate; from 6 May 1999 to 6 Mar 2008: target overnight call rate(base rate).

Mexico: From 21 Jan 2008 onwards: Central Bank target, money-market overnight rate; from 3 Nov 1998 to 20 Jan 2008: bank funding rate.

Spain: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Turkey: From 20 May 2010 onwards: 1 week official repo rate; from 20 Feb 2002 to 19 May 2010: Central Bank overnight borrowing rate.

Indonesia: From 19 Aug 2016 onwards: 7 day reverse repo rate; from 5 Jul 2005 to 18 Aug 2016: official base rate (BI rate).

Netherlands: ECB rate shared by euro-area members. From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Saudi Arabia: From 1 Jan 2000 onwards: official market repo rate.

Government bond yields

2-year and 10-year sovereign yields · Spread uses a shared observation date
Economic area / issuer2-year10-year10Y − 2YObservation date
Australia4.85%5.12%+0.27 pp13 Nov 2026
Belgium—4.29%—12 Nov 2026
Brazil—15.44%—12 Nov 2026
Canada3.34%3.81%+0.47 pp12 Nov 2026
China1.24%1.61%+0.36 pp13 Nov 2026
Euro areaGermany · Benchmark proxy3.15%3.36%+0.21 pp12 Nov 2026
France—4.84%—12 Nov 2026
Germany—3.36%—12 Nov 2026
India6.90%7.40%+0.50 pp30 Oct 2026
Indonesia—7.63%—13 Nov 2026
Israel—4.11%—12 Nov 2026
Italy—4.39%—12 Nov 2026
Japan1.88%2.87%+0.99 pp13 Nov 2026
Mexico—9.28%—12 Nov 2026
Netherlands—3.43%—12 Nov 2026
Poland—6.35%—12 Nov 2026
Russia15.03%16.68%+1.65 pp12 Nov 2026
Saudi Arabia—TBC——
Singapore—TBC——
South Korea3.78%4.03%+0.25 pp13 Nov 2026
Spain—3.89%—12 Nov 2026
Switzerland0.28%0.55%+0.27 pp12 Nov 2026
Turkey—33.36%—12 Nov 2026
United Arab Emirates—TBC——
United Kingdom4.98%5.30%+0.32 pp12 Nov 2026
United States4.73%4.98%+0.25 pp10 Nov 2026

pp = percentage points. A negative spread is an inverted 2Y–10Y curve. Spreads require observations from the same date.

Ten-year government yield history

Month-end observations · Germany represents euro-area benchmark context

Economic areas2 selected
Economic areas for Ten-year government yield history
US4.98%Euro area · Germany3.36%
Ten-year government yield historyFrom 30 Nov 2016 to 12 Nov 2026. Values in %. Use left and right arrow keys to inspect dates, or open the data table below.-1.20.62.44.15.920162019202120242026
Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: US: 4.98% (Nov 2026); Euro area · Germany: 3.36% (Nov 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage
Ten-year government yield history · % · Quarterly samples
DateUSEuro area · Germany
12 Nov 2026Not available3.36
10 Nov 20264.98Not available
30 Sept 20265.293.60
30 Jun 20264.442.86
31 Mar 20264.303.01
31 Dec 20254.182.86
30 Sept 20254.162.72
30 Jun 20254.242.61
31 Mar 20254.232.75
31 Dec 20244.582.37
30 Sept 20243.812.13
28 Jun 20244.362.50
29 Mar 2024Not available2.30
28 Mar 20244.20Not available
29 Dec 20233.882.01
29 Sept 20234.592.84
30 Jun 20233.812.39
31 Mar 20233.482.29
30 Dec 20223.882.57
30 Sept 20223.832.11
30 Jun 20222.981.34
31 Mar 20222.320.55
31 Dec 20211.52Not available
30 Dec 2021Not available-0.18
30 Sept 20211.52-0.20
30 Jun 20211.45-0.20
31 Mar 20211.74-0.29
31 Dec 20200.93-0.57
30 Sept 20200.69-0.52
30 Jun 20200.66-0.45
31 Mar 20200.70-0.47
31 Dec 20191.92-0.18
30 Sept 20191.68-0.57
28 Jun 20192.00-0.32
29 Mar 20192.41-0.07
31 Dec 20182.69Not available
28 Dec 2018Not available0.24
28 Sept 20183.050.47
29 Jun 20182.850.30
30 Mar 2018Not available0.50
29 Mar 20182.74Not available
29 Dec 20172.400.43
29 Sept 20172.330.47
30 Jun 20172.310.47
31 Mar 20172.400.33
30 Dec 20162.450.21
30 Nov 20162.370.28
Data sources & definitions

US: Nov 2016–Nov 2026 · Euro area · Germany: Nov 2016–Nov 2026

US Treasury yield curve

One observation date · 10 Nov 2026 · Yield by maturity

Yield · % per year · Maturity labels use a square-root scale to keep short tenors readable

4.14.44.85.25.63M: 4.30%3M1Y: 4.56%1Y2Y: 4.73%2Y5Y: 4.81%5Y10Y: 4.98%10Y20Y: 5.39%20Y30Y: 5.35%30Y
Nominal constant-maturity yields · 10 Nov 2026
3M1Y2Y5Y10Y20Y30Y
4.30%4.56%4.73%4.81%4.98%5.39%5.35%
Data sources & definitions

The curve compares government borrowing costs across maturities at one moment. Its slope can reflect expected future rates, inflation and term premiums. Source: US Treasury via EODHD.

Reading rates, yields and money

Read monetary conditions in layers. A central-bank policy rate is a chosen policy instrument; a government-bond yield is a market borrowing rate at a stated maturity. The two can move differently. For policy-rate histories, check whether the source reports a target, the midpoint of a range or a particular facility rate. Instrument changes are explained in the definitions.

Compare two-year and ten-year yields using observations from the same date. Their difference describes the slope between those maturities. The Treasury curve adds more maturities at one observation date. Its shape provides context, but it does not supply a precise timetable for future policy decisions, inflation or economic growth.

Money-supply charts describe monetary stocks in their own currencies. A larger nominal stock in one currency is not directly comparable with a smaller stock in another. M1, M2, M3 and national broad-money measures have different definitions, and broader measures already include narrower components. Adding them together would double count money.

Switch between levels and annual growth to ask different questions: how large a published monetary stock is, and how quickly it changed over a comparable period. Keep gaps and source coverage in view. Central-bank assets are a separate balance-sheet measure rather than another name for money supply; the continuation below examines those assets without adding overlapping national and monetary-union totals.

Money supply

Actual monetary stocks in their own currencies. Select areas to show their charts.

Economic areas2 selected
Money supply areas

Euro area M3

Monthly observations · ECB · Sept 2026

Euro area M317.72 trillion EUR
Euro area M3From 30 Nov 2006 to 30 Sept 2026. Values in trillion EUR. Use left and right arrow keys to inspect dates, or open the data table below.6.69.712.715.718.720062011201620212026
Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Euro area M3: 17.72 trillion EUR (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage
Euro area M3 · trillion EUR · Quarterly samples
DateEuro area M3
30 Sept 202617.72
30 Jun 202617.61
31 Mar 202617.44
31 Dec 202517.20
30 Sept 202516.99
30 Jun 202516.93
31 Mar 202516.83
31 Dec 202416.76
30 Sept 202416.55
30 Jun 202416.36
31 Mar 202416.17
31 Dec 202316.10
30 Sept 202315.99
30 Jun 202315.98
31 Mar 202316.03
31 Dec 202216.05
30 Sept 202216.20
30 Jun 202215.93
31 Mar 202215.73
31 Dec 202115.49
30 Sept 202115.26
30 Jun 202114.99
31 Mar 202114.76
31 Dec 202014.47
30 Sept 202014.15
30 Jun 202013.91
31 Mar 202013.49
31 Dec 201912.98
30 Sept 201912.92
30 Jun 201912.71
31 Mar 201912.54
31 Dec 201812.37
30 Sept 201812.19
30 Jun 201812.15
31 Mar 201811.95
31 Dec 201711.86
30 Sept 201711.77
30 Jun 201711.65
31 Mar 201711.58
31 Dec 201611.38
30 Sept 201611.24
30 Jun 201611.12
31 Mar 201610.99
31 Dec 201510.84
30 Sept 201510.69
30 Jun 201510.58
31 Mar 201510.48
31 Dec 201410.33
30 Sept 201410.10
30 Jun 20149.97
31 Mar 20149.89
31 Dec 20139.83
30 Sept 20139.87
30 Jun 20139.82
31 Mar 20139.80
31 Dec 20129.79
30 Sept 20129.71
30 Jun 20129.66
31 Mar 20129.61
31 Dec 20119.50
30 Sept 20119.49
30 Jun 20119.39
31 Mar 20119.35
31 Dec 20109.30
30 Sept 20109.27
30 Jun 20109.24
31 Mar 20109.33
31 Dec 20099.35
30 Sept 20099.41
30 Jun 20099.43
31 Mar 20099.40
31 Dec 20089.40
30 Sept 20089.22
30 Jun 20089.04
31 Mar 20088.87
31 Dec 20078.65
30 Sept 20078.42
30 Jun 20078.21
31 Mar 20078.01
31 Dec 20067.75
30 Nov 20067.65
Data sources & definitions

Euro area M3: Nov 2006–Sept 2026

Euro-area monetary aggregate; M1 overlaps broader aggregates; do not sum.

US M2

Monthly observations · FED · Sept 2026

US M223.41 trillion USD
US M2From 31 Oct 2006 to 30 Sept 2026. Values in trillion USD. Use left and right arrow keys to inspect dates, or open the data table below.5.410.315.220.125.120062011201620212026
Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: US M2: 23.41 trillion USD (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage
US M2 · trillion USD · Quarterly samples
DateUS M2
30 Sept 202623.41
30 Jun 202623.08
31 Mar 202622.61
31 Dec 202522.33
30 Sept 202522.15
30 Jun 202521.94
31 Mar 202521.68
31 Dec 202421.49
30 Sept 202421.28
30 Jun 202421.07
31 Mar 202420.97
31 Dec 202320.78
30 Sept 202320.75
30 Jun 202320.80
31 Mar 202320.94
31 Dec 202221.29
30 Sept 202221.54
30 Jun 202221.65
31 Mar 202221.79
31 Dec 202121.50
30 Sept 202120.99
30 Jun 202120.47
31 Mar 202119.87
31 Dec 202019.12
30 Sept 202018.61
30 Jun 202018.18
31 Mar 202016.03
31 Dec 201915.35
30 Sept 201915.05
30 Jun 201914.80
31 Mar 201914.56
31 Dec 201814.39
30 Sept 201814.24
30 Jun 201814.13
31 Mar 201814.01
31 Dec 201713.89
30 Sept 201713.74
30 Jun 201713.58
31 Mar 201713.46
31 Dec 201613.24
30 Sept 201613.05
30 Jun 201612.85
31 Mar 201612.66
31 Dec 201512.39
30 Sept 201512.17
30 Jun 201512.02
31 Mar 201511.92
31 Dec 201411.72
30 Sept 201411.52
30 Jun 201411.40
31 Mar 201411.23
31 Dec 201311.06
30 Sept 201310.87
30 Jun 201310.71
31 Mar 201310.58
31 Dec 201210.49
30 Sept 201210.23
30 Jun 201210.02
31 Mar 20129.85
31 Dec 20119.68
30 Sept 20119.55
30 Jun 20119.18
31 Mar 20118.97
31 Dec 20108.82
30 Sept 20108.72
30 Jun 20108.63
31 Mar 20108.52
31 Dec 20098.51
30 Sept 20098.46
30 Jun 20098.46
31 Mar 20098.38
31 Dec 20088.20
30 Sept 20087.87
30 Jun 20087.75
31 Mar 20087.66
31 Dec 20077.48
30 Sept 20077.41
30 Jun 20077.29
31 Mar 20077.16
31 Dec 20067.08
31 Oct 20067.00
Data sources & definitions

US M2: Oct 2006–Sept 2026

H6 M1 definition break in May 2020; YoY windows must not cross the break. M1 and M2 overlap.current

M2, M3 and national broad-money definitions differ. Euro-area member countries share the euro-area M3 series. Values are never added across currencies. Russia, Saudi Arabia and Singapore have no sufficiently current broad-money series in these feeds.

Central-bank balance sheets

Central-bank assets, shown separately from money supply in each bank’s own currency.

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Make Sense of the Data

What is the difference between a policy rate and a government yield?

A central bank sets or targets its policy rate. Government-bond yields are market prices for lending over a particular maturity. A ten-year yield therefore includes expectations about future rates as well as term and risk premiums.

Why do the latest US rate and its historical line differ?

The overview table shows the Federal Reserve’s target range. The BIS history uses its target midpoint when a range applies. They are labelled separately; the historical midpoint is not the upper bound.

What does the euro-area policy line represent?

The BIS steering-rate history uses the main refinancing rate through 17 September 2024, then the deposit facility rate from 18 September 2024. Euro-area history starts in January 1999. German government yields are a benchmark proxy, not an area-wide sovereign yield.

What does an inverted yield curve tell me?

A negative 10-year minus 2-year spread means the two-year yield is higher. It can reflect expectations of lower future short-term rates, among other forces. It is not a precise recession clock or a guaranteed forecast.

What do the money supply charts show?

Each chart shows an actual monetary stock in trillions of its own currency. Select an area to see its published national broad-money measure. Euro-area countries share M3. Values are not summed into a global total. Annual growth compares each series with the same period a year earlier.

Are M1, M2 and M3 interchangeable?

No. They cover different sets of cash and deposits, and national definitions differ. M1 is generally narrower than M2 and M3. Broader aggregates already include narrower components, so adding them would double count money.

Is a central-bank balance sheet the same as money supply?

No. Central-bank assets are items such as securities and loans on the central bank’s balance sheet. Money supply measures monetary instruments held in the economy. They interact but are not the same stock and should not be added together.

Does faster money growth guarantee higher asset prices?

No. Money growth is one input alongside credit conditions, inflation, economic activity, regulation and investor demand. These charts describe monetary conditions; they do not predict an asset’s next move.

Datasets, sources & reuse terms

Each chart includes an HTML data table with observation dates, selected series and units. Histories identify annual or quarterly sampling and preserve missing values. The source metadata below describes the series used on this page; source coverage and definitions can differ.

Bank for International Settlements

Australia · Belgium · Brazil · Canada · Switzerland · China · Germany · Euro area · Spain · France · United Kingdom · Indonesia · Israel · India · Italy · Japan · South Korea · Mexico · Netherlands · Poland · Russia · Saudi Arabia · Turkey · United States · United Arab Emirates · Singapore

Current policy rate · Central-bank policy-rate history · Central-bank total assets

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

BIS statistics terms apply: attribution, no implied endorsement and no additional charge for including BIS statistics. Dataset downloads are free.

Read provider terms ↗

Bank of Canada

Canada

Current policy rate

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

Bank of Canada content is available free from its website. Attribute the Bank, identify changes, preserve accuracy and disclose that the source data are available free when included in paid services. Third-party exceptions apply.

Read provider terms ↗

Bank of Korea

South Korea

Current policy rate

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

Bank of Korea copyright policy applies. Listed public data may be reused under its policy; designation of these chart observations for redistribution has not been verified. No open licence or confirmed redistribution permission is asserted.

Read provider terms ↗

European Central Bank

Euro area

M3 money supply · Central-bank total assets

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

ESCB statistics reuse terms apply. Cite ECB statistics; iPulse AI aggregation and scaling are identified as transformations, not official ECB releases.

Read provider terms ↗

Federal Reserve Board

United States

M2 money supply · Central-bank total assets

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

Board data are generally public domain; cite the Federal Reserve Board. Third-party exceptions remain subject to their own terms.

Read provider terms ↗

EODHD

United Arab Emirates · Australia · Belgium · Brazil · Canada · Switzerland · China · Germany · Euro area · Spain · France · United Kingdom · Indonesia · Israel · India · Italy · Japan · South Korea · Mexico · Netherlands · Poland · Russia · Turkey · United States

Current policy rate · Ten-year government bond yield · Two-year government bond yield · government real yield 10y · government real yield 20y · government real yield 30y · government real yield 5y · government real yield 7y · government yield 1.5m · government yield 1m · government yield 1y · government yield 20y · government yield 2m · government yield 30y · government yield 3m · government yield 3y · government yield 4m · government yield 5y · government yield 6m · government yield 7y · Policy-rate target lower bound

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

EODHD commercial data terms apply. Commercial reproduction rights have not been confirmed; chart or table access does not grant onward redistribution rights. Use is subject to the applicable EODHD agreement.

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OECD

China · Japan · United Kingdom · India · Brazil · Canada · South Korea · Mexico · Australia · Turkey · Indonesia · Switzerland · Poland · Israel

National broad money

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

OECD data reuse terms apply, including source attribution and any specific third-party notices. No blanket Creative Commons licence is asserted.

Read provider terms ↗

Reserve Bank of India

India

Current policy rate

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

RBI retains rights and sets access/linking conditions in its website notice. Commercial redistribution permission for this current-rate snapshot has not been verified. No open licence or confirmed redistribution permission is asserted.

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World Bank / ILOSTAT

United Arab Emirates

National broad money

Source data ↗
Data reuse terms

World Development Indicators labour series: CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms. Cite World Bank and ILOSTAT and identify changes.

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Compiled by iPulse AI. Snapshot: 2026-11-15T04:56:25.234229+00:00.