Japan economy

JPY · Bank of Japan · Inflation, employment, growth and public debt.

Data snapshot 15 Nov 2026

Inflation & consumer prices

Inflation measures the annual change in consumer prices.

Headline vs core inflation

Year over year · Annual or quarterly averages

Headline3.20%Core1.73%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Headline: 3.20% (Dec 2025); Core: 1.73% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Headline vs core inflation · % · Complete annual averages
Date	Headline	Core
31 Dec 2025	3.20	1.73
31 Dec 2024	2.75	1.96
31 Dec 2023	3.26	2.74
31 Dec 2022	2.51	0.32
31 Dec 2021	-0.24	-0.70
31 Dec 2020	-0.02	0.10
31 Dec 2019	0.50	0.44
31 Dec 2018	0.97	0.20
31 Dec 2017	0.48	-0.03
31 Dec 2016	-0.11	0.38
31 Dec 2015	0.80	1.09
31 Dec 2014	2.77	1.89
31 Dec 2013	0.34	-0.16
31 Dec 2012	-0.05	-0.48
31 Dec 2011	-0.28	-0.86
31 Dec 2010	-0.70	-1.17
31 Dec 2009	-1.34	-0.56
31 Dec 2008	1.39	0.12
31 Dec 2007	0.05	-0.19
31 Dec 2006	0.22	-0.38
31 Dec 2005	-0.24	-0.37
31 Dec 2004	-0.02	-0.46
31 Dec 2003	-0.26	-0.33
31 Dec 2002	-0.91	-0.70
31 Dec 2001	-0.72	-0.87
31 Dec 2000	-0.68	-0.50
31 Dec 1999	-0.34	-0.11
31 Dec 1998	0.68	0.77
31 Dec 1997	1.70	1.64
31 Dec 1996	0.14	0.45
31 Dec 1995	-0.11	0.56
31 Dec 1994	0.69	0.89
31 Dec 1993	1.26	1.48
31 Dec 1992	1.74	2.55
31 Dec 1991	3.28	2.60
31 Dec 1990	3.06	2.60
31 Dec 1989	2.29	2.55
31 Dec 1988	0.66	1.04
31 Dec 1987	0.11	1.45
31 Dec 1986	0.60	1.86
31 Dec 1985	2.06	2.63
31 Dec 1984	2.27	2.72
31 Dec 1983	1.88	2.51
31 Dec 1982	2.74	3.07
31 Dec 1981	4.92	4.68
31 Dec 1980	7.79	5.88
31 Dec 1979	3.76	4.20
31 Dec 1978	4.21	5.12
31 Dec 1977	8.14	8.87
31 Dec 1976	Not available	Not available

Data sources & definitions

Headline: Dec 1977–Dec 2025 · Core: Dec 1977–Dec 2025

The price of the consumer basket

Long-run CPI level · Annual or quarterly averages

Index · Dec 1976 = 100; 150 means prices are 50% higher

Consumer price index192.8

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Consumer price index: 192.79 index (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

The price of the consumer basket · index · Complete annual averages
Date	Consumer price index
31 Dec 2025	192.79
31 Dec 2024	186.83
31 Dec 2023	181.83
31 Dec 2022	176.10
31 Dec 2021	171.79
31 Dec 2020	172.21
31 Dec 2019	172.24
31 Dec 2018	171.39
31 Dec 2017	169.75
31 Dec 2016	168.95
31 Dec 2015	169.14
31 Dec 2014	167.82
31 Dec 2013	163.29
31 Dec 2012	162.75
31 Dec 2011	162.83
31 Dec 2010	163.29
31 Dec 2009	164.45
31 Dec 2008	166.70
31 Dec 2007	164.42
31 Dec 2006	164.34
31 Dec 2005	163.98
31 Dec 2004	164.39
31 Dec 2003	164.42
31 Dec 2002	164.85
31 Dec 2001	166.36
31 Dec 2000	167.57
31 Dec 1999	168.71
31 Dec 1998	169.29
31 Dec 1997	168.16
31 Dec 1996	165.35
31 Dec 1995	165.12
31 Dec 1994	165.30
31 Dec 1993	164.18
31 Dec 1992	162.14
31 Dec 1991	159.37
31 Dec 1990	154.31
31 Dec 1989	149.73
31 Dec 1988	146.38
31 Dec 1987	145.41
31 Dec 1986	145.25
31 Dec 1985	144.39
31 Dec 1984	141.48
31 Dec 1983	138.35
31 Dec 1982	135.79
31 Dec 1981	132.18
31 Dec 1980	126.01
31 Dec 1979	116.90
31 Dec 1978	112.66
31 Dec 1977	108.11
31 Dec 1976	100.00

Data sources & definitions

Consumer price index: Dec 1976–Dec 2025

Core inflation removes selected volatile items; national exclusions differ. Excluding food and energy; national CPI, 2015=100; COICOP 2018. Latest published vintage. Annual views use complete-year averages; quarterly views use complete-quarter averages or the source’s native quarterly observation. The current partial period stays out of these averages. Actual coverage is shown beneath every chart.

CPI breakdown

Select a category to view its price history.

Inside the consumer basket

Every published major category. Select one to explore its history.

CategoryPrice change · YoY

Growth of each category’s quarterly average price index, compared with the same quarter a year earlier. These are price changes, not weighted contributions to inflation. Categories vary by country.

Choose another category ↑

Food and non-alcoholic beverages

COICOP 2018 · Relative price history

Index · Dec 1976 = 100; 150 means prices are 50% higher

Food and non-alcoholic beverages221.1

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Food and non-alcoholic beverages: 221.12 index (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Food and non-alcoholic beverages · index · Complete annual averages
Date	Food and non-alcoholic beverages
31 Dec 2025	221.12
31 Dec 2024	205.65
31 Dec 2023	196.23
31 Dec 2022	180.72
31 Dec 2021	172.26
31 Dec 2020	172.33
31 Dec 2019	170.28
31 Dec 2018	169.89
31 Dec 2017	167.21
31 Dec 2016	166.13
31 Dec 2015	162.86
31 Dec 2014	157.24
31 Dec 2013	150.87
31 Dec 2012	151.17
31 Dec 2011	150.98
31 Dec 2010	151.83
31 Dec 2009	152.23
31 Dec 2008	152.20
31 Dec 2007	147.81
31 Dec 2006	147.34
31 Dec 2005	146.48
31 Dec 2004	148.54
31 Dec 2003	146.92
31 Dec 2002	147.18
31 Dec 2001	148.82
31 Dec 2000	149.82
31 Dec 1999	153.35
31 Dec 1998	154.63
31 Dec 1997	151.86
31 Dec 1996	149.49
31 Dec 1995	149.58
31 Dec 1994	152.45
31 Dec 1993	151.14
31 Dec 1992	149.88
31 Dec 1991	149.99
31 Dec 1990	141.95
31 Dec 1989	135.71
31 Dec 1988	132.95
31 Dec 1987	131.92
31 Dec 1986	133.97
31 Dec 1985	134.33
31 Dec 1984	132.26
31 Dec 1983	129.19
31 Dec 1982	126.83
31 Dec 1981	125.23
31 Dec 1980	119.08
31 Dec 1979	112.49
31 Dec 1978	110.38
31 Dec 1977	106.95
31 Dec 1976	100.00

Data sources & definitions

Food and non-alcoholic beverages: Dec 1976–Dec 2025

Food and non-alcoholic beverages; national CPI, 2015=100; COICOP 2018. Latest published vintage.

Reading the inflation and price data

Read the Japan inflation figures in two passes. First compare headline inflation with the available core measure over the same observation period. Headline covers the broad consumer basket; core excludes selected components under the source's definition. A difference between them describes the composition of price changes. It does not, on its own, establish which prices will move next.

The consumer-price index answers a different question from the inflation rate. Inflation describes how quickly prices change; the index tracks the price level. Lower positive inflation therefore means prices are rising more slowly, rather than returning to their earlier level. In a rebased chart, 100 is the starting point and 150 represents a price level 50% above that starting point.

Use the long annual view to compare cycles and the quarterly view to examine more recent changes where those histories are available. Complete annual and quarterly averages differ from the latest monthly reading. Partial periods are excluded from those averages, and missing observations are left missing. The table beneath each chart retains the plotted dates and values.

Check the coverage and source notes before comparing countries or categories. Reference bases, exclusions and publication frequencies can differ. The page snapshot date identifies this published collection; each observation keeps its own period. Explore the price charts and available basket categories on this page before continuing into employment and the wider economy.

Employment & unemployment

Unemployment is a share of the labour force. Employment / population is a share of everyone aged 15 and older, including people outside the labour force.

Unemployment through the cycle

Share of the labour force · Working age · source-defined · Official published observations

Unemployment2.53%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Unemployment: 2.53% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Unemployment through the cycle · % · Complete annual averages
Date	Unemployment
31 Dec 2025	2.53
31 Dec 2024	2.54
31 Dec 2023	2.57
31 Dec 2022	2.59
31 Dec 2021	2.82
31 Dec 2020	2.80
31 Dec 2019	2.36
31 Dec 2018	2.43
31 Dec 2017	2.82
31 Dec 2016	3.11
31 Dec 2015	3.38
31 Dec 2014	3.58
31 Dec 2013	4.01
31 Dec 2012	4.33
31 Dec 2011	4.58
31 Dec 2010	5.06
31 Dec 2009	5.08
31 Dec 2008	3.98
31 Dec 2007	3.83
31 Dec 2006	4.12
31 Dec 2005	4.43
31 Dec 2004	4.73
31 Dec 2003	5.24
31 Dec 2002	5.36
31 Dec 2001	5.04
31 Dec 2000	4.73
31 Dec 1999	4.67
31 Dec 1998	4.10
31 Dec 1997	3.40
31 Dec 1996	3.37
31 Dec 1995	3.15
31 Dec 1994	2.89
31 Dec 1993	2.50
31 Dec 1992	2.15
31 Dec 1991	2.09
31 Dec 1990	2.10
31 Dec 1989	2.25
31 Dec 1988	2.52
31 Dec 1987	2.85
31 Dec 1986	2.77
31 Dec 1985	2.63
31 Dec 1984	2.71
31 Dec 1983	2.66
31 Dec 1982	2.35
31 Dec 1981	2.21
31 Dec 1980	2.02
31 Dec 1979	2.08
31 Dec 1978	2.23
31 Dec 1977	2.01
31 Dec 1976	2.01

Data sources & definitions

Unemployment: Dec 1976–Dec 2025

Employed / population · Ages 15 and older

Annual ILO estimates via World Bank · % of population aged 15+

Employed / population61.89%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Annual observations · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted annual observations: Employed / population: 61.89% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Employed / population · Ages 15 and older · % · Annual observations
Date	Employed / population
31 Dec 2025	61.89
31 Dec 2024	61.72
31 Dec 2023	61.27
31 Dec 2022	60.87
31 Dec 2021	60.31
31 Dec 2020	60.21
31 Dec 2019	60.55
31 Dec 2018	59.93
31 Dec 2017	58.74
31 Dec 2016	58.11
31 Dec 2015	57.49
31 Dec 2014	57.31
31 Dec 2013	56.85
31 Dec 2012	56.44
31 Dec 2011	56.55
31 Dec 2010	56.54
31 Dec 2009	56.83
31 Dec 2008	57.75
31 Dec 2007	58.05
31 Dec 2006	57.89

Data sources & definitions

Employed / population: Dec 2006–Dec 2025

Unemployment counts people without work who are available and seeking work, as a share of the labour force. It is not 100% minus the employment / population ratio. National age definitions differ. Monthly or quarterly official figures are used where available; the annual fallback is an ILO modelled estimate via World Bank. Each chart retains its observation dates.

GDP growth

Inflation-adjusted output · Published source values with their observation periods.

Real GDP growth

Year over year · Latest published values · Annual or quarterly observations as available

Japan0.73%US2.07%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Japan: 0.73% (Jun 2026); US: 2.07% (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Real GDP growth · % · Quarterly samples
Date	Japan	US
30 Sept 2026	Not available	2.07
30 Jun 2026	0.73	2.19
31 Mar 2026	0.49	2.64
31 Dec 2025	0.51	2.05
30 Sept 2025	0.65	2.60
30 Jun 2025	1.87	2.42
31 Mar 2025	1.63	2.31
31 Dec 2024	1.02	2.64
30 Sept 2024	1.10	2.95
30 Jun 2024	-0.99	3.29
31 Mar 2024	-0.81	2.93
31 Dec 2023	0.15	3.42
30 Sept 2023	0.17	3.18
30 Jun 2023	1.17	2.74
31 Mar 2023	2.07	2.33
31 Dec 2022	0.74	1.23
30 Sept 2022	1.42	2.23
30 Jun 2022	1.50	2.34
31 Mar 2022	1.15	3.98
30 Sept 2021	3.29	5.27
30 Jun 2021	8.69	12.56
31 Mar 2021	0.25	1.92
31 Dec 2020	-0.60	-0.92
30 Sept 2020	-5.03	-1.36
30 Jun 2020	-9.51	-7.40
31 Mar 2020	-2.08	1.36
31 Dec 2019	-2.32	3.35
30 Sept 2019	0.65	2.80
30 Jun 2019	0.10	2.24
31 Mar 2019	0.32	1.93
31 Dec 2018	0.06	2.13
30 Sept 2018	0.14	3.13
30 Jun 2018	1.77	3.30
31 Mar 2018	1.46	3.33
31 Dec 2017	2.37	2.99
30 Sept 2017	2.22	2.41
30 Jun 2017	1.29	2.33
31 Mar 2017	0.63	2.09
31 Dec 2016	0.76	2.18
30 Sept 2016	0.55	1.81
30 Jun 2016	0.47	1.49
31 Mar 2016	0.89	1.80
31 Dec 2015	1.62	2.12
30 Sept 2015	2.41	2.45
30 Jun 2015	2.46	3.28
31 Mar 2015	0.93	3.97
31 Dec 2014	0.36	2.69
30 Sept 2014	-0.35	3.06
30 Jun 2014	0.40	2.69
31 Mar 2014	2.90	1.65
31 Dec 2013	3.15	3.01
30 Sept 2013	3.23	2.24
30 Jun 2013	1.86	1.52
31 Mar 2013	-0.12	1.70
31 Dec 2012	0.13	1.55
30 Sept 2012	0.22	2.57
30 Jun 2012	3.03	2.40
31 Mar 2012	3.31	2.64
31 Dec 2011	0.32	1.54
30 Sept 2011	-0.58	0.94
30 Jun 2011	-1.23	1.74
31 Mar 2011	0.77	2.04
31 Dec 2010	3.51	2.78
30 Sept 2010	6.08	3.34
30 Jun 2010	3.61	2.91
31 Mar 2010	3.34	1.75
31 Dec 2009	-2.45	0.11
30 Sept 2009	-6.27	-3.13
30 Jun 2009	-6.71	-3.98
31 Mar 2009	-8.18	-3.23
31 Dec 2008	-3.72	-2.54
30 Sept 2008	-0.82	0.27
30 Jun 2008	-0.36	1.38
31 Mar 2008	0.27	1.39
31 Dec 2007	0.78	2.13
30 Sept 2007	1.56	2.37
30 Jun 2007	2.22	1.93
31 Mar 2007	2.34	1.58

Data sources & definitions

Japan: Mar 2007–Jun 2026 · US: Mar 2007–Sept 2026

Year-over-year growth compares real output with the same period a year earlier. Annual growth is used where quarterly coverage is unavailable.

Government debt

General-government gross debt relative to annual GDP, or in US dollars.

Debt relative to the economy

Annual history · General government · % of GDP

General-government gross debt204.80%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Annual observations · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted annual observations: General-government gross debt: 204.80% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Debt relative to the economy · % · Annual observations
Date	General-government gross debt
31 Dec 2025	204.80
31 Dec 2024	213.60
31 Dec 2023	220.10
31 Dec 2022	228.00
31 Dec 2021	222.60
31 Dec 2020	228.80
31 Dec 2019	206.30
31 Dec 2018	203.70
31 Dec 2017	203.10
31 Dec 2016	202.10
31 Dec 2015	200.10
31 Dec 2014	203.60
31 Dec 2013	201.20
31 Dec 2012	197.10
31 Dec 2011	190.60
31 Dec 2010	178.60
31 Dec 2009	172.90
31 Dec 2008	153.60
31 Dec 2007	150.40
31 Dec 2006	152.10
31 Dec 2005	153.40
31 Dec 2004	148.80
31 Dec 2003	140.20
31 Dec 2002	134.60
31 Dec 2001	126.80
31 Dec 2000	118.50
31 Dec 1999	113.50
31 Dec 1998	101.60
31 Dec 1997	91.30
31 Dec 1996	85.30
31 Dec 1995	80.70
31 Dec 1994	73.30
31 Dec 1993	63.20
31 Dec 1992	57.90
31 Dec 1991	54.10
31 Dec 1990	54.80
31 Dec 1989	56.90
31 Dec 1988	62.40
31 Dec 1987	65.70
31 Dec 1986	64.20
31 Dec 1985	59.20
31 Dec 1984	56.90
31 Dec 1983	55.10
31 Dec 1982	50.10
31 Dec 1981	45.80
31 Dec 1980	41.40

Data sources & definitions

General-government gross debt: Dec 1980–Dec 2025

Debt-to-GDP compares a debt stock with a year of economic output. Historical reported values and IMF staff estimates; current and future years are excluded. Gross debt does not subtract financial assets. Accounting coverage differs by economy.

Interest rates

Current Bank of Japan policy: 1.25% · 10 Nov 2026

Japan policy-rate history

Published policy observations · Compare with United States

Japan1.25%US3.88%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Japan: 1.25% (Nov 2026); US: 3.88% (Nov 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Japan policy-rate history · % · Quarterly samples
Date	Japan	US
10 Nov 2026	1.25	3.88
30 Sept 2026	1.25	3.88
30 Jun 2026	1.00	3.63
31 Mar 2026	0.75	3.63
31 Dec 2025	0.75	3.63
30 Sept 2025	0.50	4.13
30 Jun 2025	0.50	4.38
31 Mar 2025	0.50	4.38
31 Dec 2024	0.25	4.38
30 Sept 2024	0.25	4.88
30 Jun 2024	Not available	5.38
28 Jun 2024	0.05	Not available
31 Mar 2024	Not available	5.38
29 Mar 2024	0.05	Not available
31 Dec 2023	Not available	5.38
29 Dec 2023	-0.10	Not available
30 Sept 2023	Not available	5.38
29 Sept 2023	-0.10	Not available
30 Jun 2023	-0.10	5.13
31 Mar 2023	-0.10	4.88
31 Dec 2022	Not available	4.38
30 Dec 2022	-0.10	Not available
30 Sept 2022	-0.10	3.13
30 Jun 2022	-0.10	1.63
31 Mar 2022	-0.10	0.38
31 Dec 2021	-0.10	0.13
30 Sept 2021	-0.10	0.13
30 Jun 2021	-0.10	0.13
31 Mar 2021	-0.10	0.13
31 Dec 2020	-0.10	0.13
30 Sept 2020	-0.10	0.13
30 Jun 2020	-0.10	0.13
31 Mar 2020	-0.10	0.13
31 Dec 2019	-0.10	1.63
30 Sept 2019	-0.10	1.88
30 Jun 2019	Not available	2.38
28 Jun 2019	-0.10	Not available
31 Mar 2019	Not available	2.38
29 Mar 2019	-0.10	Not available
31 Dec 2018	-0.10	2.38
30 Sept 2018	Not available	2.13
28 Sept 2018	-0.10	Not available
30 Jun 2018	Not available	1.88
29 Jun 2018	-0.10	Not available
31 Mar 2018	Not available	1.63
30 Mar 2018	-0.10	Not available
31 Dec 2017	Not available	1.38
29 Dec 2017	-0.10	Not available
30 Sept 2017	Not available	1.13
29 Sept 2017	-0.10	Not available
30 Jun 2017	-0.10	1.13
31 Mar 2017	-0.10	0.88
31 Dec 2016	-0.10	0.63
30 Sept 2016	-0.10	0.38
30 Jun 2016	Not available	0.38
31 Mar 2016	Not available	0.38
31 Dec 2015	Not available	0.38
30 Sept 2015	Not available	0.13
30 Jun 2015	Not available	0.13
31 Mar 2015	Not available	0.13
31 Dec 2014	Not available	0.13
30 Sept 2014	Not available	0.13
30 Jun 2014	Not available	0.13
31 Mar 2014	Not available	0.13
31 Dec 2013	Not available	0.13
30 Sept 2013	Not available	0.13
30 Jun 2013	Not available	0.13
3 Apr 2013	0.05	Not available
31 Mar 2013	0.05	0.13
31 Dec 2012	0.05	0.13
30 Sept 2012	0.05	0.13
30 Jun 2012	0.05	0.13
31 Mar 2012	0.05	0.13
31 Dec 2011	0.05	0.13
30 Sept 2011	0.05	0.13
30 Jun 2011	0.05	0.13
31 Mar 2011	0.05	0.13
31 Dec 2010	0.05	0.13
30 Sept 2010	0.10	0.13
30 Jun 2010	0.10	0.13
31 Mar 2010	0.10	0.13
31 Dec 2009	0.10	0.13
30 Sept 2009	0.10	0.13
30 Jun 2009	0.10	0.13
31 Mar 2009	0.10	0.13
31 Dec 2008	0.10	0.13
30 Sept 2008	0.50	2.00
30 Jun 2008	0.50	2.00
31 Mar 2008	0.50	2.25
31 Dec 2007	0.50	4.25
30 Sept 2007	0.50	4.75
30 Jun 2007	0.50	5.25
31 Mar 2007	0.50	5.25
31 Dec 2006	0.25	5.25
30 Sept 2006	0.25	5.25
30 Jun 2006	0.00	5.25
31 Mar 2006	0.00	4.75
31 Dec 2005	Not available	4.25
30 Sept 2005	Not available	3.75
30 Jun 2005	Not available	3.25
31 Mar 2005	Not available	2.75
31 Dec 2004	Not available	2.25
30 Sept 2004	Not available	1.75
30 Jun 2004	Not available	1.25
31 Mar 2004	Not available	1.00
31 Dec 2003	Not available	1.00
30 Sept 2003	Not available	1.00
30 Jun 2003	Not available	1.00
31 Mar 2003	Not available	1.25
31 Dec 2002	Not available	1.25
30 Sept 2002	Not available	1.75
30 Jun 2002	Not available	1.75
31 Mar 2002	Not available	1.75
31 Dec 2001	Not available	1.75
30 Sept 2001	Not available	3.00
30 Jun 2001	Not available	3.75
31 Mar 2001	Not available	5.00
18 Mar 2001	0.15	Not available
31 Dec 2000	0.25	6.50
30 Sept 2000	0.25	6.50
30 Jun 2000	Not available	6.50
31 Mar 2000	Not available	6.00
31 Dec 1999	Not available	5.50
30 Sept 1999	Not available	5.25
30 Jun 1999	Not available	5.00
31 Mar 1999	Not available	4.75
11 Feb 1999	0.25	Not available
31 Dec 1998	0.25	4.75
30 Sept 1998	0.25	5.25
30 Jun 1998	0.50	5.50
31 Mar 1998	0.50	5.50
31 Dec 1997	0.50	5.50
30 Sept 1997	0.50	5.50
30 Jun 1997	0.50	5.50
31 Mar 1997	0.50	5.50
31 Dec 1996	0.50	5.25
30 Nov 1996	0.50	5.25

Data sources & definitions

Japan: Nov 1996–Nov 2026 · US: Nov 1996–Nov 2026

Policy benchmark definitionsCoverage and instrument changes

Japan: From 24 Sep 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 1.25 percent; From 17 Jun 2026 to 23 Sep 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 1.00 percent; From 22 Dec 2025 to 16 Jun 2026: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.75 percent; From 27 Jan 2025 to 21 Dec 2025: the BOJ encourages the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.50 percent; From 1 Aug 2024 to 26 Jan 2025: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0.25% ; From 21 Mar 2024 to 31 July: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0 to 0.1 %; from 21 Sep 2016 to 20 Mar 2024: the BOJ set the guideline for market operations which specifies a short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1% and a target level of 10-year JGB yields at around 0%. Short-term policy interest rate; from 4 Apr 2013 to 20 Sep 2016: no policy rate; from 5 Oct 2010 to 3 Apr 2013: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0 to 0.1%; from 19 Dec 2008 to 4 Oct 2010: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0. %; from 31 Oct 2008 to 18 Dec 2008: the BOJ encouraged the UOCR to remain at around 0.3%; before 30 Oct 2008, refer to https://data.bis.org/topics/CBPOL

United States: From 19 Dec 1985 onwards: mid-point of the Federal Reserve target rate; from 1 Jul 1954 to 18 Dec 1985: US Fed Funds effective rate.

Upcoming releases

Full calendar ↗

Sun15Nov1 release

Japan

GDP release

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-Q3 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

GDP measures economic activity. Check the comparison basis and publication stage before comparing values.

Reported measurements · 15 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
gdp growth rateqoq · %	0.30	Not available	Not available
gdp growth rateyoy · %	1.40	Not available	Not available
gross domestic productqoq · %	0.50	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Thu19Nov1 release

Japan

Inflation report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-10 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Consumer-price data tracks inflation, an important input into central-bank decisions.

Reported measurements · 19 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
core inflation rateyoy · %	2.10	Not available	Not available
inflation ratemom · %	0.00	Not available	Not available
inflation rateyoy · %	2.10	Not available	Not available

Checked 7 Nov 2026.

Fri20Nov1 release

Japan

Inflation report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-10 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Consumer-price data tracks inflation, an important input into central-bank decisions.

Reported measurements · 20 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
core inflation rateyoy · %	2.10	Not available	Not available
inflation ratemom · %	0.00	Not available	Not available
inflation rateyoy · %	2.10	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Mon30Nov1 release

Japan

Employment report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-10 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Jobs and unemployment data help describe labour demand and the strength of the economy.

Reported measurements · 30 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
unemployment ratelevel · %	2.40	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Mon7Dec1 release

Japan

GDP release

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-Q3 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

GDP measures economic activity. Check the comparison basis and publication stage before comparing values.

Reported measurements · 7 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
gdp growth rateqoq · %	0.40	Not available	Not available

Checked 14 Nov 2026.

Thu17Dec1 release

Japan

Inflation report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-11 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Consumer-price data tracks inflation, an important input into central-bank decisions.

Reported measurements · 17 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
inflation ratemom · %	0.40	Not available	Not available

Checked 14 Nov 2026.

Money & central-bank assets

Compare economic areas ↗

Japan broad money

Monthly observations · OECD · Sept 2026

Japan broad money1,638.26 trillion JPY

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Japan broad money: 1,638.26 trillion JPY (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Japan broad money · trillion JPY · Quarterly samples
Date	Japan broad money
30 Sept 2026	1,638.26
30 Jun 2026	1,639.77
31 Mar 2026	1,625.17
31 Dec 2025	1,627.42
30 Sept 2025	1,619.43
30 Jun 2025	1,615.54
31 Mar 2025	1,602.90
31 Dec 2024	1,609.74
30 Sept 2024	1,603.47
30 Jun 2024	1,609.48
31 Mar 2024	1,597.23
31 Dec 2023	1,596.24
30 Sept 2023	1,591.83
30 Jun 2023	1,594.24
31 Mar 2023	1,568.19
31 Dec 2022	1,569.35
30 Sept 2022	1,563.25
30 Jun 2022	1,562.33
31 Mar 2022	1,535.93
31 Dec 2021	1,530.95
30 Sept 2021	1,520.05
30 Jun 2021	1,517.63
31 Mar 2021	1,489.50
31 Dec 2020	1,481.35
30 Sept 2020	1,465.24
30 Jun 2020	1,442.53
31 Mar 2020	1,379.08
31 Dec 2019	1,376.23
30 Sept 2019	1,363.49
30 Jun 2019	1,361.62
31 Mar 2019	1,344.09
31 Dec 2018	1,346.97
30 Sept 2018	1,337.87
30 Jun 2018	1,336.05
31 Mar 2018	1,316.91
31 Dec 2017	1,319.21
30 Sept 2017	1,305.70
30 Jun 2017	1,301.38
31 Mar 2017	1,283.25
31 Dec 2016	1,280.08
30 Sept 2016	1,262.55
30 Jun 2016	1,259.47
31 Mar 2016	1,239.37
31 Dec 2015	1,238.60
30 Sept 2015	1,226.36
30 Jun 2015	1,224.46
31 Mar 2015	1,209.32
31 Dec 2014	1,208.53
30 Sept 2014	1,190.11
30 Jun 2014	1,187.21
31 Mar 2014	1,173.99
31 Dec 2013	1,174.56
30 Sept 2013	1,161.07
30 Jun 2013	1,158.50
31 Mar 2013	1,141.43
31 Dec 2012	1,135.85
30 Sept 2012	1,126.12
30 Jun 2012	1,124.21
31 Mar 2012	1,113.54
31 Dec 2011	1,111.46
30 Sept 2011	1,103.38
30 Jun 2011	1,102.78
31 Mar 2011	1,085.75
31 Dec 2010	1,082.94
30 Sept 2010	1,078.95
30 Jun 2010	1,078.45
31 Mar 2010	1,064.88
31 Dec 2009	1,063.52
30 Sept 2009	1,056.46
30 Jun 2009	1,055.55
31 Mar 2009	1,044.53
31 Dec 2008	1,040.64
30 Sept 2008	1,034.73
30 Jun 2008	1,038.08
31 Mar 2008	1,030.99
31 Dec 2007	1,033.15
30 Sept 2007	1,025.33
30 Jun 2007	1,029.11
31 Mar 2007	1,022.94
31 Dec 2006	1,026.27
30 Nov 2006	1,019.94

Data sources & definitions

Japan broad money: Nov 2006–Sept 2026

OECD Monetary aggregates DSD_STES@DF_MONAGG, MABM, current national currency, millions, monthly, not seasonally adjusted. National broad-money definitions differ; this is a monetary stock, not an index.

Japan central-bank assets

Monthly observations · BIS · Jul 2026

Central-bank assets644.30 trillion JPY

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Central-bank assets: 644.30 trillion JPY (Jul 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Japan central-bank assets · trillion JPY · Quarterly samples
Date	Central-bank assets
31 Jul 2026	644.30
30 Jun 2026	639.55
31 Mar 2026	663.03
31 Dec 2025	677.78
30 Sept 2025	695.78
30 Jun 2025	717.49
31 Mar 2025	729.77
31 Dec 2024	747.99
30 Sept 2024	753.30
30 Jun 2024	753.67
31 Mar 2024	756.42
31 Dec 2023	749.96
30 Sept 2023	741.49
30 Jun 2023	732.83
31 Mar 2023	735.12
31 Dec 2022	703.94
30 Sept 2022	685.79
30 Jun 2022	732.73
31 Mar 2022	736.25
31 Dec 2021	723.77
30 Sept 2021	724.06
30 Jun 2021	716.90
31 Mar 2021	714.56
31 Dec 2020	702.58
30 Sept 2020	690.03
30 Jun 2020	648.95
31 Mar 2020	604.48
31 Dec 2019	573.05
30 Sept 2019	569.80
30 Jun 2019	564.87
31 Mar 2019	557.02
31 Dec 2018	552.08
30 Sept 2018	545.66
30 Jun 2018	537.02
31 Mar 2018	528.29
31 Dec 2017	521.42
30 Sept 2017	513.44
30 Jun 2017	502.11
31 Mar 2017	490.09
31 Dec 2016	476.50
30 Sept 2016	456.81
30 Jun 2016	432.76
31 Mar 2016	405.65
31 Dec 2015	383.11
30 Sept 2015	366.13
30 Jun 2015	345.44
31 Mar 2015	323.59
31 Dec 2014	300.21
30 Sept 2014	277.10
30 Jun 2014	257.76
31 Mar 2014	241.58
31 Dec 2013	224.19
30 Sept 2013	208.86
30 Jun 2013	187.07
31 Mar 2013	164.81
31 Dec 2012	158.36
30 Sept 2012	149.92
30 Jun 2012	143.63
31 Mar 2012	139.46
31 Dec 2011	143.02
30 Sept 2011	137.69
30 Jun 2011	129.58
31 Mar 2011	142.36
31 Dec 2010	128.71
30 Sept 2010	120.33
30 Jun 2010	113.23
31 Mar 2010	121.82
31 Dec 2009	122.53
30 Sept 2009	116.32
30 Jun 2009	109.84
31 Mar 2009	123.89
31 Dec 2008	122.77
30 Sept 2008	112.53
30 Jun 2008	101.42
31 Mar 2008	113.43
31 Dec 2007	111.28
30 Sept 2007	111.03
30 Jun 2007	100.07
31 Mar 2007	112.74
31 Dec 2006	115.54
30 Nov 2006	118.54

Data sources & definitions

Central-bank assets: Nov 2006–Jul 2026

BIS WS_CBTA 1.0, BIS-spliced central-bank total assets, unadjusted nominal level, billions of JPY. From January 1953 onwards: end-of-month balance for total assets following the methodological specifications of the Bank of Japan Accounts. Before 1953: end-of-year balance for total assets as shown in 'Meiji iko hompo shuyo keizai tokei [Hundred-year statistics of the Japanese economy] (edition 1966)'.

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Make Sense of the Data

What does ages 15 and older mean?

The employed / population ratio includes everyone aged 15 and older in its denominator, including students, retirees and others outside the labour force. The unemployment rate uses the labour force instead: people working or available and seeking work. It is a different measure, not 100% minus the employment ratio.

Does lower inflation mean prices are falling?

No. Lower positive inflation means the consumer basket is getting more expensive more slowly. A falling price level would require negative inflation. The price-index chart shows the cumulative change, separately from the headline and core inflation rates.

What does core inflation exclude?

Core measures remove selected volatile components. National definitions differ: US core CPI excludes food and energy; euro-area core HICP also excludes alcohol and tobacco. The source definition is shown with the chart.

How are annual and quarterly histories calculated?

Monthly price and labour observations are averaged only when every month of the year or quarter is available. Native quarterly observations remain quarterly. Partial periods and missing observations are not filled. Fifty years is the maximum view, not a claim that every series has fifty years of coverage.

What does GDP growth show?

Real GDP growth measures changes in economic output after adjusting for prices. Charts use the latest published estimates. Annualized quarterly growth expresses a quarter’s change as an annual pace; year-over-year growth compares output with the same quarter a year earlier.

What is government debt-to-GDP?

It compares general-government gross debt with annual economic output. Gross debt does not subtract financial assets. Historical IMF values can include staff estimates; current and future years are excluded. Definitions differ between countries, and debt alone does not measure default risk.

Datasets, sources & reuse terms

Each chart includes an HTML data table with observation dates, selected series and units. Histories identify annual or quarterly sampling and preserve missing values. The source metadata below describes the series used on this page; source coverage and definitions can differ.

Bank for International Settlements

Japan · United States

Current policy rate · Central-bank policy-rate history · Central-bank total assets

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

BIS statistics terms apply: attribution, no implied endorsement and no additional charge for including BIS statistics. Dataset downloads are free.

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U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

United States

Core inflation, year over year · Headline inflation, year over year · Unemployment rate

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

BLS public-domain data; cite BLS. iPulse AI transformations are identified separately.

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International Monetary Fund

Japan · United States

Nominal GDP in US dollars · General-government gross debt relative to GDP · General-government gross debt in US dollars

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

IMF statistical-data terms apply, including attribution, accuracy and disclosure of material transformations. IMF directs potential commercial users to request permission; confirmation has not been obtained. The underlying data are available free from the IMF. No open licence or confirmed commercial permission is asserted.

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EODHD

Japan · United States

gdp growth annual · Ten-year government bond yield · Current policy rate · Policy-rate target lower bound

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

EODHD commercial data terms apply. Commercial reproduction rights have not been confirmed; chart or table access does not grant onward redistribution rights. Use is subject to the applicable EODHD agreement.

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OECD

Japan · United States

Consumer-price category index: Food and non-alcoholic beverages · Consumer-price category index: Alcohol and tobacco · Consumer-price category index: Clothing and footwear · Consumer-price category index: Housing and utilities · Consumer-price category index: Household furnishings · Consumer-price category index: Health · Consumer-price category index: Transport · Consumer-price category index: Information and communication · Consumer-price category index: Recreation and culture · Consumer-price category index: Education · Consumer-price category index: Restaurants and accommodation · Consumer-price category index: Insurance and financial services · Consumer-price category index: Personal care and other services · Core consumer price index · Consumer price index · Real GDP growth, quarter over quarter · Real GDP growth, year over year · Core inflation, year over year · Headline inflation, year over year · Unemployment rate · National broad money

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

OECD data reuse terms apply, including source attribution and any specific third-party notices. No blanket Creative Commons licence is asserted.

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World Bank / ILOSTAT

Japan · United States

Employment to population ratio, ages 15+ · Unemployment rate

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

World Development Indicators labour series: CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms. Cite World Bank and ILOSTAT and identify changes.

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Compiled by iPulse AI. Snapshot: 2026-11-15T04:56:25.234229+00:00.

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Inflation & consumer prices

Headline vs core inflation

The price of the consumer basket

CPI breakdown

Inside the consumer basket

Food and non-alcoholic beverages

Reading the inflation and price data

Employment & unemployment

Make Sense of the Data

Bank for International Settlements

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

International Monetary Fund

EODHD

OECD

World Bank / ILOSTAT