United States economy

USD · Federal Reserve · Inflation, employment, growth and public debt.

Data snapshot 15 Nov 2026

Inflation & consumer prices

Inflation measures the annual change in consumer prices.

Headline vs core inflation

Year over year · Annual or quarterly averages

Headline2.95%Core3.44%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Headline: 2.95% (Dec 2024); Core: 3.44% (Dec 2024).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Headline vs core inflation · % · Complete annual averages
Date	Headline	Core
31 Dec 2025	Not available	Not available
31 Dec 2024	2.95	3.44
31 Dec 2023	4.14	4.79
31 Dec 2022	8.01	6.15
31 Dec 2021	4.69	3.57
31 Dec 2020	1.24	1.70
31 Dec 2019	1.81	2.19
31 Dec 2018	2.44	2.14
31 Dec 2017	2.13	1.85
31 Dec 2016	1.26	2.21
31 Dec 2015	0.12	1.83
31 Dec 2014	1.62	1.75
31 Dec 2013	1.47	1.76
31 Dec 2012	2.07	2.11
31 Dec 2011	3.16	1.66
31 Dec 2010	1.64	0.96
31 Dec 2009	-0.34	1.70
31 Dec 2008	3.85	2.30
31 Dec 2007	2.85	2.34
31 Dec 2006	3.24	2.50
31 Dec 2005	3.39	2.17
31 Dec 2004	2.68	1.76
31 Dec 2003	2.27	1.46
31 Dec 2002	1.59	2.32
31 Dec 2001	2.83	2.67
31 Dec 2000	3.38	2.43
31 Dec 1999	2.19	2.08
31 Dec 1998	1.55	2.29
31 Dec 1997	2.34	2.39
31 Dec 1996	2.93	2.70
31 Dec 1995	2.81	2.99
31 Dec 1994	2.61	2.85
31 Dec 1993	2.95	3.31
31 Dec 1992	3.03	3.66
31 Dec 1991	4.25	4.92
31 Dec 1990	5.39	5.02
31 Dec 1989	4.83	4.51
31 Dec 1988	4.08	4.41
31 Dec 1987	3.66	4.12
31 Dec 1986	1.91	4.04
31 Dec 1985	3.55	4.38
31 Dec 1984	4.30	4.94
31 Dec 1983	3.22	3.94
31 Dec 1982	6.16	7.45
31 Dec 1981	10.35	10.47
31 Dec 1980	13.58	12.42
31 Dec 1979	11.22	9.72
31 Dec 1978	7.62	7.29
31 Dec 1977	6.50	6.25
31 Dec 1976	5.76	6.57

Data sources & definitions

Headline: Dec 1976–Dec 2024 · Core: Dec 1976–Dec 2024

The price of the consumer basket

Long-run CPI level · Annual or quarterly averages

Index · Dec 1976 = 100; 150 means prices are 50% higher

Consumer price index551.2

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Consumer price index: 551.22 index (Dec 2024).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

The price of the consumer basket · index · Complete annual averages
Date	Consumer price index
31 Dec 2025	Not available
31 Dec 2024	551.22
31 Dec 2023	535.43
31 Dec 2022	514.26
31 Dec 2021	476.15
31 Dec 2020	454.79
31 Dec 2019	449.24
31 Dec 2018	441.25
31 Dec 2017	430.73
31 Dec 2016	421.74
31 Dec 2015	416.49
31 Dec 2014	416.00
31 Dec 2013	409.35
31 Dec 2012	403.45
31 Dec 2011	395.27
31 Dec 2010	383.17
31 Dec 2009	376.99
31 Dec 2008	378.33
31 Dec 2007	364.34
31 Dec 2006	354.24
31 Dec 2005	343.17
31 Dec 2004	331.91
31 Dec 2003	323.25
31 Dec 2002	316.08
31 Dec 2001	311.14
31 Dec 2000	302.59
31 Dec 1999	292.71
31 Dec 1998	286.44
31 Dec 1997	282.06
31 Dec 1996	275.62
31 Dec 1995	267.77
31 Dec 1994	260.46
31 Dec 1993	253.84
31 Dec 1992	246.57
31 Dec 1991	239.32
31 Dec 1990	229.59
31 Dec 1989	217.84
31 Dec 1988	207.80
31 Dec 1987	199.66
31 Dec 1986	192.61
31 Dec 1985	189.02
31 Dec 1984	182.55
31 Dec 1983	175.02
31 Dec 1982	169.57
31 Dec 1981	159.77
31 Dec 1980	144.81
31 Dec 1979	127.53
31 Dec 1978	114.63
31 Dec 1977	106.50
31 Dec 1976	100.00

Data sources & definitions

Consumer price index: Dec 1976–Dec 2024

Core inflation removes selected volatile items; national exclusions differ. Excluding food and energy; BLS CUUR0000SA0L1E. Latest published vintage, not historical first release. Annual views use complete-year averages; quarterly views use complete-quarter averages or the source’s native quarterly observation. The current partial period stays out of these averages. Actual coverage is shown beneath every chart.

CPI breakdown

Select a category to view its price history.

Inside the consumer basket

Every published major category. Select one to explore its history.

CategoryPrice change · YoY

Growth of each category’s quarterly average price index, compared with the same quarter a year earlier. These are price changes, not weighted contributions to inflation. Categories vary by country.

Choose another category ↑

Apparel

BLS eight major groups · Relative price history

Index · Dec 1976 = 100; 150 means prices are 50% higher

Apparel174.7

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Apparel: 174.75 index (Dec 2024).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Apparel · index · Complete annual averages
Date	Apparel
31 Dec 2025	Not available
31 Dec 2024	174.75
31 Dec 2023	173.55
31 Dec 2022	168.90
31 Dec 2021	160.81
31 Dec 2020	156.93
31 Dec 2019	164.87
31 Dec 2018	167.00
31 Dec 2017	166.94
31 Dec 2016	167.52
31 Dec 2015	167.33
31 Dec 2014	169.47
31 Dec 2013	169.34
31 Dec 2012	167.81
31 Dec 2011	162.29
31 Dec 2010	158.83
31 Dec 2009	159.59
31 Dec 2008	158.03
31 Dec 2007	158.15
31 Dec 2006	158.76
31 Dec 2005	158.88
31 Dec 2004	160.06
31 Dec 2003	160.65
31 Dec 2002	164.84
31 Dec 2001	169.14
31 Dec 2000	172.21
31 Dec 1999	174.49
31 Dec 1998	176.80
31 Dec 1997	176.56
31 Dec 1996	175.04
31 Dec 1995	175.38
31 Dec 1994	177.30
31 Dec 1993	177.64
31 Dec 1992	175.27
31 Dec 1991	171.06
31 Dec 1990	164.91
31 Dec 1989	157.60
31 Dec 1988	153.34
31 Dec 1987	146.96
31 Dec 1986	140.77
31 Dec 1985	139.58
31 Dec 1984	135.61
31 Dec 1983	133.16
31 Dec 1982	129.95
31 Dec 1981	126.63
31 Dec 1980	120.87
31 Dec 1979	112.88
31 Dec 1978	108.14
31 Dec 1977	104.47
31 Dec 1976	100.00

Data sources & definitions

Apparel: Dec 1976–Dec 2024

Apparel; BLS CUUR0000SAA. Latest published vintage, not historical first release.

Reading the inflation and price data

Read the United States inflation figures in two passes. First compare headline inflation with the available core measure over the same observation period. Headline covers the broad consumer basket; core excludes selected components under the source's definition. A difference between them describes the composition of price changes. It does not, on its own, establish which prices will move next.

The consumer-price index answers a different question from the inflation rate. Inflation describes how quickly prices change; the index tracks the price level. Lower positive inflation therefore means prices are rising more slowly, rather than returning to their earlier level. In a rebased chart, 100 is the starting point and 150 represents a price level 50% above that starting point.

Use the long annual view to compare cycles and the quarterly view to examine more recent changes where those histories are available. Complete annual and quarterly averages differ from the latest monthly reading. Partial periods are excluded from those averages, and missing observations are left missing. The table beneath each chart retains the plotted dates and values.

Check the coverage and source notes before comparing countries or categories. Reference bases, exclusions and publication frequencies can differ. The page snapshot date identifies this published collection; each observation keeps its own period. Explore the price charts and available basket categories on this page before continuing into employment and the wider economy.

Employment & unemployment

Unemployment is a share of the labour force. Employment / population is a share of everyone aged 15 and older, including people outside the labour force.

Unemployment through the cycle

Share of the labour force · Ages 16+ · Official published observations

Unemployment4.03%Broad underemployment (U-6)7.53%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Unemployment: 4.03% (Dec 2024); Broad underemployment (U-6): 7.53% (Dec 2024).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Unemployment through the cycle · % · Complete annual averages
Date	Unemployment	Broad underemployment (U-6)
31 Dec 2025	Not available	Not available
31 Dec 2024	4.03	7.53
31 Dec 2023	3.63	6.88
31 Dec 2022	3.65	6.88
31 Dec 2021	5.35	9.41
31 Dec 2020	8.10	13.67
31 Dec 2019	3.68	7.15
31 Dec 2018	3.89	7.73
31 Dec 2017	4.36	8.52
31 Dec 2016	4.88	9.63
31 Dec 2015	5.28	10.45
31 Dec 2014	6.16	12.03
31 Dec 2013	7.36	13.79
31 Dec 2012	8.08	14.68
31 Dec 2011	8.93	15.93
31 Dec 2010	9.61	16.74
31 Dec 2009	9.28	16.26
31 Dec 2008	5.80	10.55
31 Dec 2007	4.62	8.33
31 Dec 2006	4.61	8.23
31 Dec 2005	5.08	8.93
31 Dec 2004	5.54	9.59
31 Dec 2003	5.99	10.13
31 Dec 2002	5.78	9.59
31 Dec 2001	4.74	8.15
31 Dec 2000	3.97	7.01
31 Dec 1999	4.22	7.43
31 Dec 1998	4.50	8.04
31 Dec 1997	4.94	8.87
31 Dec 1996	5.41	9.69
31 Dec 1995	5.59	10.06
31 Dec 1994	6.10	10.85
31 Dec 1993	6.91	Not available
31 Dec 1992	7.49	Not available
31 Dec 1991	6.85	Not available
31 Dec 1990	5.62	Not available
31 Dec 1989	5.26	Not available
31 Dec 1988	5.49	Not available
31 Dec 1987	6.18	Not available
31 Dec 1986	7.00	Not available
31 Dec 1985	7.19	Not available
31 Dec 1984	7.51	Not available
31 Dec 1983	9.60	Not available
31 Dec 1982	9.71	Not available
31 Dec 1981	7.62	Not available
31 Dec 1980	7.18	Not available
31 Dec 1979	5.85	Not available
31 Dec 1978	6.07	Not available
31 Dec 1977	7.05	Not available
31 Dec 1976	7.70	Not available

Data sources & definitions

Unemployment: Dec 1976–Dec 2024 · Broad underemployment (U-6): Dec 1994–Dec 2024

Employed / population · Ages 15 and older

Annual ILO estimates via World Bank · % of population aged 15+

Employed / population59.11%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Annual observations · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted annual observations: Employed / population: 59.11% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Employed / population · Ages 15 and older · % · Annual observations
Date	Employed / population
31 Dec 2025	59.11
31 Dec 2024	59.47
31 Dec 2023	59.82
31 Dec 2022	59.54
31 Dec 2021	58.21
31 Dec 2020	56.60
31 Dec 2019	60.54
31 Dec 2018	60.15
31 Dec 2017	59.82
31 Dec 2016	59.39
31 Dec 2015	58.98
31 Dec 2014	58.60
31 Dec 2013	58.11
31 Dec 2012	58.02
31 Dec 2011	57.57
31 Dec 2010	57.59
31 Dec 2009	58.41
31 Dec 2008	61.23
31 Dec 2007	61.99
31 Dec 2006	62.16

Data sources & definitions

Employed / population: Dec 2006–Dec 2025

Labour-force participation

Population shares · Different measures, not additive

Participation62.59%Employment / population60.07%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Participation: 62.59% (Dec 2024); Employment / population: 60.07% (Dec 2024).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Labour-force participation · % · Complete annual averages
Date	Participation	Employment / population
31 Dec 2025	Not available	Not available
31 Dec 2024	62.59	60.07
31 Dec 2023	62.61	60.32
31 Dec 2022	62.23	59.98
31 Dec 2021	61.68	58.35
31 Dec 2020	61.74	56.77
31 Dec 2019	63.10	60.78
31 Dec 2018	62.88	60.44
31 Dec 2017	62.85	60.13
31 Dec 2016	62.80	59.73
31 Dec 2015	62.66	59.33
31 Dec 2014	62.88	59.01
31 Dec 2013	63.26	58.60
31 Dec 2012	63.70	58.56
31 Dec 2011	64.11	58.38
31 Dec 2010	64.71	58.48
31 Dec 2009	65.40	59.34
31 Dec 2008	66.03	62.18
31 Dec 2007	66.03	62.98
31 Dec 2006	66.17	63.12
31 Dec 2005	66.03	62.68
31 Dec 2004	65.98	62.35
31 Dec 2003	66.24	62.27
31 Dec 2002	66.58	62.73
31 Dec 2001	66.83	63.67
31 Dec 2000	67.07	64.41
31 Dec 1999	67.08	64.27
31 Dec 1998	67.08	64.08
31 Dec 1997	67.11	63.78
31 Dec 1996	66.77	63.18
31 Dec 1995	66.63	62.88
31 Dec 1994	66.58	62.53
31 Dec 1993	66.30	61.71
31 Dec 1992	66.44	61.47
31 Dec 1991	66.17	61.65
31 Dec 1990	66.53	62.80
31 Dec 1989	66.44	62.94
31 Dec 1988	65.91	62.28
31 Dec 1987	65.58	61.53
31 Dec 1986	65.24	60.69
31 Dec 1985	64.81	60.12
31 Dec 1984	64.37	59.53
31 Dec 1983	64.01	57.87
31 Dec 1982	63.99	57.78
31 Dec 1981	63.88	59.03
31 Dec 1980	63.78	59.21
31 Dec 1979	63.65	59.94
31 Dec 1978	63.15	59.33
31 Dec 1977	62.23	57.86
31 Dec 1976	61.58	56.83

Data sources & definitions

Participation: Dec 1976–Dec 2024 · Employment / population: Dec 1976–Dec 2024

Payroll employment

Employees on nonfarm payrolls · Not monthly job additions

Nonfarm payrolls158,438.92 Thousand jobs

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Nonfarm payrolls: 158,438.92 Thousand jobs (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Payroll employment · Thousand jobs · Complete annual averages
Date	Nonfarm payrolls
31 Dec 2025	158,438.92
31 Dec 2024	157,693.83
31 Dec 2023	155,895.25
31 Dec 2022	152,549.17
31 Dec 2021	146,284.33
31 Dec 2020	142,161.92
31 Dec 2019	150,905.08
31 Dec 2018	148,893.67
31 Dec 2017	146,610.42
31 Dec 2016	144,331.92
31 Dec 2015	141,801.33
31 Dec 2014	138,922.75
31 Dec 2013	136,360.67
31 Dec 2012	134,154.50
31 Dec 2011	131,916.67
31 Dec 2010	130,334.67
31 Dec 2009	131,291.08
31 Dec 2008	137,226.42
31 Dec 2007	137,978.42
31 Dec 2006	136,432.75
31 Dec 2005	134,023.08
31 Dec 2004	131,755.33
31 Dec 2003	130,325.17
31 Dec 2002	130,633.75
31 Dec 2001	132,078.58
31 Dec 2000	132,017.50
31 Dec 1999	129,227.83
31 Dec 1998	126,135.17
31 Dec 1997	122,929.92
31 Dec 1996	119,820.33
31 Dec 1995	117,410.58
31 Dec 1994	114,386.00
31 Dec 1993	110,933.50
31 Dec 1992	108,791.33
31 Dec 1991	108,434.17
31 Dec 1990	109,527.92
31 Dec 1989	108,046.83
31 Dec 1988	105,375.33
31 Dec 1987	102,114.42
31 Dec 1986	99,497.50
31 Dec 1985	97,528.67
31 Dec 1984	94,542.58
31 Dec 1983	90,288.67
31 Dec 1982	89,684.58
31 Dec 1981	91,292.17
31 Dec 1980	90,531.58
31 Dec 1979	89,935.50
31 Dec 1978	86,829.08
31 Dec 1977	82,599.75
31 Dec 1976	79,507.42

Data sources & definitions

Nonfarm payrolls: Dec 1976–Dec 2025

Hourly earnings

Production & nonsupervisory private-sector employees · Nominal, not inflation-adjusted

Hourly earnings31.34 USD per hour

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Complete annual averages · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted complete annual averages: Hourly earnings: 31.34 USD per hour (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Hourly earnings · USD per hour · Complete annual averages
Date	Hourly earnings
31 Dec 2025	31.34
31 Dec 2024	30.12
31 Dec 2023	28.92
31 Dec 2022	27.57
31 Dec 2021	25.91
31 Dec 2020	24.68
31 Dec 2019	23.51
31 Dec 2018	22.70
31 Dec 2017	22.04
31 Dec 2016	21.54
31 Dec 2015	21.03
31 Dec 2014	20.60
31 Dec 2013	20.13
31 Dec 2012	19.72
31 Dec 2011	19.44
31 Dec 2010	19.05
31 Dec 2009	18.61
31 Dec 2008	18.07
31 Dec 2007	17.41
31 Dec 2006	16.74
31 Dec 2005	16.12
31 Dec 2004	15.68
31 Dec 2003	15.36
31 Dec 2002	14.96
31 Dec 2001	14.54
31 Dec 2000	14.01
31 Dec 1999	13.49
31 Dec 1998	13.01
31 Dec 1997	12.50
31 Dec 1996	12.04
31 Dec 1995	11.65
31 Dec 1994	11.33
31 Dec 1993	11.05
31 Dec 1992	10.77
31 Dec 1991	10.51
31 Dec 1990	10.20
31 Dec 1989	9.80
31 Dec 1988	9.44
31 Dec 1987	9.14
31 Dec 1986	8.92
31 Dec 1985	8.73
31 Dec 1984	8.49
31 Dec 1983	8.20
31 Dec 1982	7.87
31 Dec 1981	7.43
31 Dec 1980	6.85
31 Dec 1979	6.34
31 Dec 1978	5.88
31 Dec 1977	5.44
31 Dec 1976	5.06

Data sources & definitions

Hourly earnings: Dec 1976–Dec 2025

Unemployment counts people without work who are available and seeking work, as a share of the labour force. It is not 100% minus the employment / population ratio. National age definitions differ. Monthly or quarterly official figures are used where available; the annual fallback is an ILO modelled estimate via World Bank. Each chart retains its observation dates.

GDP growth

Inflation-adjusted output · Published source values with their observation periods.

Real GDP growth

Latest revised values · Annualized quarter-over-quarter change

Real GDP growth3.40%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Real GDP growth: 3.40% (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Real GDP growth · % · Quarterly samples
Date	Real GDP growth
30 Sept 2026	3.40
30 Jun 2026	2.20
31 Mar 2026	2.50
31 Dec 2025	0.20
30 Sept 2025	3.90
30 Jun 2025	4.00
31 Mar 2025	0.10
31 Dec 2024	2.40
30 Sept 2024	3.20
30 Jun 2024	3.60
31 Mar 2024	1.40
31 Dec 2023	3.60
30 Sept 2023	4.50
30 Jun 2023	2.20
31 Mar 2023	3.40
31 Dec 2022	2.70
30 Sept 2022	2.70
30 Jun 2022	0.60
31 Mar 2022	-1.00
31 Dec 2021	6.80
30 Sept 2021	3.20
30 Jun 2021	7.10
31 Mar 2021	6.20
31 Dec 2020	4.60
30 Sept 2020	34.90
30 Jun 2020	-28.00
31 Mar 2020	-5.20
31 Dec 2019	2.80
30 Sept 2019	4.80
30 Jun 2019	3.40
31 Mar 2019	2.50
31 Dec 2018	0.60
30 Sept 2018	2.50
30 Jun 2018	2.10
31 Mar 2018	3.30
31 Dec 2017	4.60
30 Sept 2017	3.20
30 Jun 2017	2.30
31 Mar 2017	2.00
31 Dec 2016	2.20
30 Sept 2016	2.90
30 Jun 2016	1.30
31 Mar 2016	2.30
31 Dec 2015	0.70
30 Sept 2015	1.60
30 Jun 2015	2.50
31 Mar 2015	3.60
31 Dec 2014	2.00
30 Sept 2014	5.00
30 Jun 2014	5.30
31 Mar 2014	-1.40
31 Dec 2013	3.50
30 Sept 2013	3.50
30 Jun 2013	1.10
31 Mar 2013	4.00
31 Dec 2012	0.50
30 Sept 2012	0.60
30 Jun 2012	1.80
31 Mar 2012	3.40
31 Dec 2011	4.60
30 Sept 2011	-0.10
30 Jun 2011	2.70
31 Mar 2011	-0.90
31 Dec 2010	2.10
30 Sept 2010	3.10
30 Jun 2010	3.90
31 Mar 2010	1.90
31 Dec 2009	4.40
30 Sept 2009	1.40
30 Jun 2009	-0.70
31 Mar 2009	-4.50
31 Dec 2008	-8.50
30 Sept 2008	-2.10
30 Jun 2008	2.40
31 Mar 2008	-1.70
31 Dec 2007	2.50
30 Sept 2007	2.30
30 Jun 2007	2.50
31 Mar 2007	1.20
31 Dec 2006	3.50
30 Sept 2006	0.60
30 Jun 2006	1.00
31 Mar 2006	5.50
31 Dec 2005	2.20
30 Sept 2005	3.20
30 Jun 2005	2.00
31 Mar 2005	4.50
31 Dec 2004	4.10
30 Sept 2004	3.80
30 Jun 2004	3.10
31 Mar 2004	2.30
31 Dec 2003	4.70
30 Sept 2003	6.80
30 Jun 2003	3.60
31 Mar 2003	2.10
31 Dec 2002	0.50
30 Sept 2002	1.60
30 Jun 2002	2.50
31 Mar 2002	3.40
31 Dec 2001	1.10
30 Sept 2001	-1.60
30 Jun 2001	2.50
31 Mar 2001	-1.30
31 Dec 2000	2.40
30 Sept 2000	0.40
30 Jun 2000	7.50
31 Mar 2000	1.50
31 Dec 1999	6.70
30 Sept 1999	5.40
30 Jun 1999	3.40
31 Mar 1999	3.80
31 Dec 1998	6.60
30 Sept 1998	5.10
30 Jun 1998	3.80
31 Mar 1998	4.10
31 Dec 1997	3.50
30 Sept 1997	5.10
30 Jun 1997	6.80
31 Mar 1997	2.60
31 Dec 1996	4.20
30 Sept 1996	3.60
30 Jun 1996	6.80
31 Mar 1996	3.00
31 Dec 1995	2.70
30 Sept 1995	3.50
30 Jun 1995	1.20
31 Mar 1995	1.40
31 Dec 1994	4.70
30 Sept 1994	2.40
30 Jun 1994	5.50
31 Mar 1994	3.90
31 Dec 1993	5.60
30 Sept 1993	1.90
30 Jun 1993	2.30
31 Mar 1993	0.70
31 Dec 1992	4.20
30 Sept 1992	4.00
30 Jun 1992	4.40
31 Mar 1992	4.90
31 Dec 1991	1.40
30 Sept 1991	2.00
30 Jun 1991	3.20
31 Mar 1991	-1.90
31 Dec 1990	-3.60
30 Sept 1990	0.30
30 Jun 1990	1.50
31 Mar 1990	4.40
31 Dec 1989	0.80
30 Sept 1989	3.00
30 Jun 1989	3.10
31 Mar 1989	4.10
31 Dec 1988	5.40
30 Sept 1988	2.40
30 Jun 1988	5.40
31 Mar 1988	2.10
31 Dec 1987	7.00
30 Sept 1987	3.50
30 Jun 1987	4.40
31 Mar 1987	3.00
31 Dec 1986	2.20
30 Sept 1986	3.90
30 Jun 1986	1.80
31 Mar 1986	3.80
31 Dec 1985	3.00
30 Sept 1985	6.30
30 Jun 1985	3.60
31 Mar 1985	3.90
31 Dec 1984	3.30
30 Sept 1984	3.90
30 Jun 1984	7.10
31 Mar 1984	8.10
31 Dec 1983	8.60
30 Sept 1983	8.20
30 Jun 1983	9.40
31 Mar 1983	5.40
31 Dec 1982	0.20
30 Sept 1982	-1.50
30 Jun 1982	1.80
31 Mar 1982	-6.10
31 Dec 1981	-4.30
30 Sept 1981	4.90
30 Jun 1981	-2.90
31 Mar 1981	8.10
31 Dec 1980	7.70
30 Sept 1980	-0.50
30 Jun 1980	-8.00
31 Mar 1980	1.30
31 Dec 1979	1.00
30 Sept 1979	3.00
30 Jun 1979	0.40
31 Mar 1979	0.70
31 Dec 1978	5.50
30 Sept 1978	4.10
30 Jun 1978	16.40
31 Mar 1978	1.30
31 Dec 1977	0.00
30 Sept 1977	7.40
30 Jun 1977	8.00
31 Mar 1977	4.80
31 Dec 1976	2.90

Data sources & definitions

Real GDP growth: Dec 1976–Sept 2026

Annualized quarterly growth expresses one quarter’s change as an annual pace. It differs from year-over-year growth, which compares output with the same quarter a year earlier.

Government debt

General-government gross debt relative to annual GDP, or in US dollars.

Debt relative to the economy

Annual history · General government · % of GDP

General-government gross debt124.40%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Annual observations · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted annual observations: General-government gross debt: 124.40% (Dec 2025).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

Debt relative to the economy · % · Annual observations
Date	General-government gross debt
31 Dec 2025	124.40
31 Dec 2024	122.30
31 Dec 2023	120.00
31 Dec 2022	119.20
31 Dec 2021	125.00
31 Dec 2020	132.60
31 Dec 2019	108.80
31 Dec 2018	107.70
31 Dec 2017	106.50
31 Dec 2016	107.50
31 Dec 2015	105.50
31 Dec 2014	105.00
31 Dec 2013	105.00
31 Dec 2012	103.70
31 Dec 2011	100.00
31 Dec 2010	95.70
31 Dec 2009	87.10
31 Dec 2008	73.90
31 Dec 2007	65.00
31 Dec 2006	64.50
31 Dec 2005	65.80
31 Dec 2004	66.40
31 Dec 2003	59.00
31 Dec 2002	55.90
31 Dec 2001	53.50

Data sources & definitions

General-government gross debt: Dec 2001–Dec 2025

Debt-to-GDP compares a debt stock with a year of economic output. Historical reported values and IMF staff estimates; current and future years are excluded. Gross debt does not subtract financial assets. Accounting coverage differs by economy.

Interest rates

Current Federal Reserve policy: 3.75–4.00% · 12 Nov 2026

US policy-rate history

Published policy observations · Compare with Euro area

US3.88%Euro area2.50%

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: US: 3.88% (Nov 2026); Euro area: 2.50% (Nov 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

US policy-rate history · % · Quarterly samples
Date	US	Euro area
10 Nov 2026	3.88	2.50
30 Sept 2026	3.88	2.50
30 Jun 2026	3.63	2.25
31 Mar 2026	3.63	2.00
31 Dec 2025	3.63	2.00
30 Sept 2025	4.13	2.00
30 Jun 2025	4.38	2.00
31 Mar 2025	4.38	2.50
31 Dec 2024	4.38	3.00
30 Sept 2024	4.88	3.50
30 Jun 2024	5.38	4.25
31 Mar 2024	5.38	4.50
31 Dec 2023	5.38	4.50
30 Sept 2023	5.38	4.50
30 Jun 2023	5.13	4.00
31 Mar 2023	4.88	3.50
31 Dec 2022	4.38	2.50
30 Sept 2022	3.13	1.25
30 Jun 2022	1.63	0.00
31 Mar 2022	0.38	0.00
31 Dec 2021	0.13	0.00
30 Sept 2021	0.13	0.00
30 Jun 2021	0.13	0.00
31 Mar 2021	0.13	0.00
31 Dec 2020	0.13	0.00
30 Sept 2020	0.13	0.00
30 Jun 2020	0.13	0.00
31 Mar 2020	0.13	0.00
31 Dec 2019	1.63	0.00
30 Sept 2019	1.88	0.00
30 Jun 2019	2.38	0.00
31 Mar 2019	2.38	0.00
31 Dec 2018	2.38	0.00
30 Sept 2018	2.13	0.00
30 Jun 2018	1.88	0.00
31 Mar 2018	1.63	0.00
31 Dec 2017	1.38	0.00
30 Sept 2017	1.13	0.00
30 Jun 2017	1.13	0.00
31 Mar 2017	0.88	0.00
31 Dec 2016	0.63	0.00
30 Sept 2016	0.38	0.00
30 Jun 2016	0.38	0.00
31 Mar 2016	0.38	0.00
31 Dec 2015	0.38	0.05
30 Sept 2015	0.13	0.05
30 Jun 2015	0.13	0.05
31 Mar 2015	0.13	0.05
31 Dec 2014	0.13	0.05
30 Sept 2014	0.13	0.05
30 Jun 2014	0.13	0.15
31 Mar 2014	0.13	0.25
31 Dec 2013	0.13	0.25
30 Sept 2013	0.13	0.50
30 Jun 2013	0.13	0.50
31 Mar 2013	0.13	0.75
31 Dec 2012	0.13	0.75
30 Sept 2012	0.13	0.75
30 Jun 2012	0.13	1.00
31 Mar 2012	0.13	1.00
31 Dec 2011	0.13	1.00
30 Sept 2011	0.13	1.50
30 Jun 2011	0.13	1.25
31 Mar 2011	0.13	1.00
31 Dec 2010	0.13	1.00
30 Sept 2010	0.13	1.00
30 Jun 2010	0.13	1.00
31 Mar 2010	0.13	1.00
31 Dec 2009	0.13	1.00
30 Sept 2009	0.13	1.00
30 Jun 2009	0.13	1.00
31 Mar 2009	0.13	1.50
31 Dec 2008	0.13	2.50
30 Sept 2008	2.00	4.25
30 Jun 2008	2.00	4.00
31 Mar 2008	2.25	4.00
31 Dec 2007	4.25	4.00
30 Sept 2007	4.75	4.00
30 Jun 2007	5.25	4.00
31 Mar 2007	5.25	3.75
31 Dec 2006	5.25	3.50
30 Sept 2006	5.25	3.00
30 Jun 2006	5.25	2.75
31 Mar 2006	4.75	2.50
31 Dec 2005	4.25	2.25
30 Sept 2005	3.75	2.00
30 Jun 2005	3.25	2.00
31 Mar 2005	2.75	2.00
31 Dec 2004	2.25	2.00
30 Sept 2004	1.75	2.00
30 Jun 2004	1.25	2.00
31 Mar 2004	1.00	2.00
31 Dec 2003	1.00	2.00
30 Sept 2003	1.00	2.00
30 Jun 2003	1.00	2.00
31 Mar 2003	1.25	2.50
31 Dec 2002	1.25	2.75
30 Sept 2002	1.75	3.25
30 Jun 2002	1.75	3.25
31 Mar 2002	1.75	3.25
31 Dec 2001	1.75	3.25
30 Sept 2001	3.00	3.75
30 Jun 2001	3.75	4.50
31 Mar 2001	5.00	4.75
31 Dec 2000	6.50	4.75
30 Sept 2000	6.50	4.50
30 Jun 2000	6.50	4.25
31 Mar 2000	6.00	3.50
31 Dec 1999	5.50	3.00
30 Sept 1999	5.25	2.50
30 Jun 1999	5.00	2.50
31 Mar 1999	4.75	3.00
31 Jan 1999	Not available	3.00
31 Dec 1998	4.75	Not available
30 Sept 1998	5.25	Not available
30 Jun 1998	5.50	Not available
31 Mar 1998	5.50	Not available
31 Dec 1997	5.50	Not available
30 Sept 1997	5.50	Not available
30 Jun 1997	5.50	Not available
31 Mar 1997	5.50	Not available
31 Dec 1996	5.25	Not available
30 Nov 1996	5.25	Not available

Data sources & definitions

US: Nov 1996–Nov 2026 · Euro area: Jan 1999–Nov 2026

Policy benchmark definitionsCoverage and instrument changes

United States: From 19 Dec 1985 onwards: mid-point of the Federal Reserve target rate; from 1 Jul 1954 to 18 Dec 1985: US Fed Funds effective rate.

Euro area: From 18 Sep 2024 onwards: official central bank steering rate is the deposit facility rate, fixed rate; from 15 Oct 2008 to 17 Sep 2024: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate; from 28 Jun 2000 to 14 Oct 2008: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, minimum bid rate; from 5 Jan 1999 to 27 Jun 2000: official central bank liquidity providing, main refinancing operations, fixed rate.

Upcoming releases

Full calendar ↗

Tue17Nov1 release

United States

Retail sales

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-10 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Retail sales provide a reading on consumer demand.

Reported measurements · 17 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
retail salesmom · %	0.80	Not available	Not available
retail salesyoy · %	6.29	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Wed25Nov1 release

United States

GDP release

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-Q3 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

GDP measures economic activity. Check the comparison basis and publication stage before comparing values.

Reported measurements · 25 Nov 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
gdp growth rateqoq · %	1.50	Not available	Not available

Checked 13 Nov 2026.

Fri4Dec1 release

United States

Employment report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-11 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Jobs and unemployment data help describe labour demand and the strength of the economy.

Reported measurements · 4 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
non farm payrollslevel · thousand people	165.00	Not available	Not available
unemployment ratelevel · %	4.10	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Wed9Dec1 release

United States

Interest-rate decision

CriticalScheduled

Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

A monetary-policy decision can change the price of short-term borrowing and expectations for future rates.

Reported measurements · 9 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
fed interest rate decisionlevel · %	4.00	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Thu10Dec2 releases

United States

Inflation report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-10 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Consumer-price data tracks inflation, an important input into central-bank decisions.

Reported measurements · 10 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
core inflation rateyoy · %	2.60	Not available	Not available
inflation rateyoy · %	3.70	Not available	Not available

Checked 14 Nov 2026.

United States

Inflation report

ImportantScheduled

Period 2026-11 · Date onlyTime unconfirmedView detailsClose details

Consumer-price data tracks inflation, an important input into central-bank decisions.

Reported measurements · 10 Dec 2026 · Publication stage not specified
Measure / basis	Previous	Estimate	Actual
core inflation ratemom · %	0.30	Not available	Not available
core inflation rateyoy · %	Not available	Not available	Not available
cpilevel · %	337.51	Not available	Not available
inflation ratelevel · %	Not available	Not available	Not available
inflation ratemom · %	0.40	Not available	Not available
inflation rateyoy · %	Not available	Not available	Not available

Checked 24 Oct 2026.

Money & central-bank assets

Compare economic areas ↗

US broad money

Monthly observations · FED · Sept 2026

US broad money23.41 trillion USD

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: US broad money: 23.41 trillion USD (Sept 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

US broad money · trillion USD · Quarterly samples
Date	US broad money
30 Sept 2026	23.41
30 Jun 2026	23.08
31 Mar 2026	22.61
31 Dec 2025	22.33
30 Sept 2025	22.15
30 Jun 2025	21.94
31 Mar 2025	21.68
31 Dec 2024	21.49
30 Sept 2024	21.28
30 Jun 2024	21.07
31 Mar 2024	20.97
31 Dec 2023	20.78
30 Sept 2023	20.75
30 Jun 2023	20.80
31 Mar 2023	20.94
31 Dec 2022	21.29
30 Sept 2022	21.54
30 Jun 2022	21.65
31 Mar 2022	21.79
31 Dec 2021	21.50
30 Sept 2021	20.99
30 Jun 2021	20.47
31 Mar 2021	19.87
31 Dec 2020	19.12
30 Sept 2020	18.61
30 Jun 2020	18.18
31 Mar 2020	16.03
31 Dec 2019	15.35
30 Sept 2019	15.05
30 Jun 2019	14.80
31 Mar 2019	14.56
31 Dec 2018	14.39
30 Sept 2018	14.24
30 Jun 2018	14.13
31 Mar 2018	14.01
31 Dec 2017	13.89
30 Sept 2017	13.74
30 Jun 2017	13.58
31 Mar 2017	13.46
31 Dec 2016	13.24
30 Sept 2016	13.05
30 Jun 2016	12.85
31 Mar 2016	12.66
31 Dec 2015	12.39
30 Sept 2015	12.17
30 Jun 2015	12.02
31 Mar 2015	11.92
31 Dec 2014	11.72
30 Sept 2014	11.52
30 Jun 2014	11.40
31 Mar 2014	11.23
31 Dec 2013	11.06
30 Sept 2013	10.87
30 Jun 2013	10.71
31 Mar 2013	10.58
31 Dec 2012	10.49
30 Sept 2012	10.23
30 Jun 2012	10.02
31 Mar 2012	9.85
31 Dec 2011	9.68
30 Sept 2011	9.55
30 Jun 2011	9.18
31 Mar 2011	8.97
31 Dec 2010	8.82
30 Sept 2010	8.72
30 Jun 2010	8.63
31 Mar 2010	8.52
31 Dec 2009	8.51
30 Sept 2009	8.46
30 Jun 2009	8.46
31 Mar 2009	8.38
31 Dec 2008	8.20
30 Sept 2008	7.87
30 Jun 2008	7.75
31 Mar 2008	7.66
31 Dec 2007	7.48
30 Sept 2007	7.41
30 Jun 2007	7.29
31 Mar 2007	7.16
31 Dec 2006	7.08
31 Oct 2006	7.00

Data sources & definitions

US broad money: Oct 2006–Sept 2026

H6 M1 definition break in May 2020; YoY windows must not cross the break. M1 and M2 overlap.current

US central-bank assets

Monthly observations · FED · Nov 2026

Central-bank assets6.75 trillion USD

Hover or use arrow keys to explore · Quarterly samples · Latest plotted values in legend

Latest plotted quarterly samples: Central-bank assets: 6.75 trillion USD (Nov 2026).

View chart data Dates, values & coverage

US central-bank assets · trillion USD · Quarterly samples
Date	Central-bank assets
4 Nov 2026	6.75
30 Sept 2026	6.74
24 Jun 2026	6.74
25 Mar 2026	6.66
31 Dec 2025	6.64
24 Sept 2025	6.61
25 Jun 2025	6.66
26 Mar 2025	6.74
25 Dec 2024	6.89
25 Sept 2024	7.08
26 Jun 2024	7.23
27 Mar 2024	7.48
27 Dec 2023	7.71
27 Sept 2023	8.00
28 Jun 2023	8.34
29 Mar 2023	8.71
28 Dec 2022	8.55
28 Sept 2022	8.80
29 Jun 2022	8.91
30 Mar 2022	8.94
29 Dec 2021	8.76
29 Sept 2021	8.45
30 Jun 2021	8.08
31 Mar 2021	7.69
30 Dec 2020	7.36
30 Sept 2020	7.06
24 Jun 2020	7.08
25 Mar 2020	5.25
25 Dec 2019	4.17
25 Sept 2019	3.86
26 Jun 2019	3.83
27 Mar 2019	3.96
26 Dec 2018	4.08
26 Sept 2018	4.19
27 Jun 2018	4.31
28 Mar 2018	4.39
27 Dec 2017	4.45
27 Sept 2017	4.46
28 Jun 2017	4.46
29 Mar 2017	4.47
28 Dec 2016	4.45
28 Sept 2016	4.45
29 Jun 2016	4.47
30 Mar 2016	4.48
30 Dec 2015	4.49
30 Sept 2015	4.48
24 Jun 2015	4.50
25 Mar 2015	4.48
31 Dec 2014	4.50
24 Sept 2014	4.46
25 Jun 2014	4.37
26 Mar 2014	4.23
25 Dec 2013	4.03
25 Sept 2013	3.73
26 Jun 2013	3.48
27 Mar 2013	3.20
26 Dec 2012	2.91
26 Sept 2012	2.80
27 Jun 2012	2.86
28 Mar 2012	2.88
28 Dec 2011	2.93
28 Sept 2011	2.85
29 Jun 2011	2.87
30 Mar 2011	2.62
29 Dec 2010	2.42
29 Sept 2010	2.30
30 Jun 2010	2.33
31 Mar 2010	2.31
30 Dec 2009	2.23
30 Sept 2009	2.14
24 Jun 2009	2.03
25 Mar 2009	2.07
31 Dec 2008	2.24
24 Sept 2008	1.21
25 Jun 2008	0.89
26 Mar 2008	0.89
26 Dec 2007	0.89
26 Sept 2007	0.89
27 Jun 2007	0.87
28 Mar 2007	0.87
27 Dec 2006	0.87
29 Nov 2006	0.86

Data sources & definitions

Central-bank assets: Nov 2006–Nov 2026

H41 consolidated total assets, Wednesday level; million USD.

Checking your access…

Make Sense of the Data

What does ages 15 and older mean?

The employed / population ratio includes everyone aged 15 and older in its denominator, including students, retirees and others outside the labour force. The unemployment rate uses the labour force instead: people working or available and seeking work. It is a different measure, not 100% minus the employment ratio.

Does lower inflation mean prices are falling?

No. Lower positive inflation means the consumer basket is getting more expensive more slowly. A falling price level would require negative inflation. The price-index chart shows the cumulative change, separately from the headline and core inflation rates.

What does core inflation exclude?

Core measures remove selected volatile components. National definitions differ: US core CPI excludes food and energy; euro-area core HICP also excludes alcohol and tobacco. The source definition is shown with the chart.

How are annual and quarterly histories calculated?

Monthly price and labour observations are averaged only when every month of the year or quarter is available. Native quarterly observations remain quarterly. Partial periods and missing observations are not filled. Fifty years is the maximum view, not a claim that every series has fifty years of coverage.

Euro area · United States

Employment to population ratio, ages 15+ · Unemployment rate

Source data ↗

Data reuse terms

World Development Indicators labour series: CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms. Cite World Bank and ILOSTAT and identify changes.

Read provider terms ↗

Compiled by iPulse AI. Snapshot: 2026-11-15T04:56:25.234229+00:00.

Cookie preferences

Inflation & consumer prices

Headline vs core inflation

The price of the consumer basket

CPI breakdown

Inside the consumer basket

Apparel

Reading the inflation and price data

Employment & unemployment

Make Sense of the Data

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via ALFRED

Bank for International Settlements

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

European Central Bank

European Commission, Eurostat

Federal Reserve Board

International Monetary Fund

EODHD

OECD

World Bank / ILOSTAT