The forces behind AUD / USD
AUD/USD forex fundamentals. Two economies.
One exchange rate.
Follow the rates, prices and economic momentum that shape the relationship between AUD and USD.
At a glance
The comparison that matters
Central-bank benchmark. US uses the Fed target upper bound.
Annual change in consumer prices; CPI / euro-area HICP.
Real GDP change versus the same quarter a year earlier.
Longer-term borrowing cost. Euro area uses Germany.
01 / Monetary policy
Follow the interest-rate cycle
When central banks move at different speeds, the gap between currencies changes.
Policy rates over time
% per yearAUD policy benchmark: Oct 1996 – Oct 2026 · USD target midpoint: Oct 1996 – Oct 2026 · Quarterly samples + latest
View chart data ↓
| Period | Currency | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-20 | USD target midpoint | 3.88% |
| 2026-10-15 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.60% |
| 2026-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.60% |
| 2026-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.88% |
| 2026-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2026-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.63% |
| 2026-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.10% |
| 2026-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 3.63% |
| 2025-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.60% |
| 2025-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 3.63% |
| 2025-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.60% |
| 2025-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 4.13% |
| 2025-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.85% |
| 2025-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 4.38% |
| 2025-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.10% |
| 2025-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.38% |
| 2024-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2024-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.38% |
| 2024-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2024-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 4.88% |
| 2024-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.38% |
| 2024-06-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2024-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.38% |
| 2024-03-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2023-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.38% |
| 2023-12-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.35% |
| 2023-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.38% |
| 2023-09-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.10% |
| 2023-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.10% |
| 2023-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.13% |
| 2023-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.60% |
| 2023-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.88% |
| 2022-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.38% |
| 2022-12-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.10% |
| 2022-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.35% |
| 2022-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.13% |
| 2022-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.85% |
| 2022-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.63% |
| 2022-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2022-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.38% |
| 2021-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2021-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2021-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2021-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2021-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2021-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2021-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2021-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2020-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.10% |
| 2020-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2020-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.25% |
| 2020-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2020-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.25% |
| 2020-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2020-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.25% |
| 2020-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2019-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 0.75% |
| 2019-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.63% |
| 2019-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.00% |
| 2019-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.88% |
| 2019-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 2.38% |
| 2019-06-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.25% |
| 2019-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 2.38% |
| 2019-03-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2018-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2018-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 2.38% |
| 2018-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 2.13% |
| 2018-09-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2018-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.88% |
| 2018-06-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2018-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.63% |
| 2018-03-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2017-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.38% |
| 2017-12-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2017-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.13% |
| 2017-09-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2017-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2017-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.13% |
| 2017-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2017-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.88% |
| 2016-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.63% |
| 2016-12-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2016-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.50% |
| 2016-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.38% |
| 2016-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 1.75% |
| 2016-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.38% |
| 2016-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.00% |
| 2016-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.38% |
| 2015-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.00% |
| 2015-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.38% |
| 2015-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.00% |
| 2015-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2015-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.00% |
| 2015-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2015-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.25% |
| 2015-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2014-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2014-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2014-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2014-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2014-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2014-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2014-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2014-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2013-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2013-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2013-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.50% |
| 2013-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2013-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2013-06-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 2.75% |
| 2013-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2013-03-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.00% |
| 2012-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.00% |
| 2012-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2012-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2012-09-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.50% |
| 2012-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2012-06-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.50% |
| 2012-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2012-03-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.25% |
| 2011-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2011-12-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.25% |
| 2011-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2011-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2011-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2011-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2011-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2011-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2010-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2010-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2010-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.50% |
| 2010-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2010-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.50% |
| 2010-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2010-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.00% |
| 2010-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2009-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.75% |
| 2009-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2009-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.00% |
| 2009-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2009-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.00% |
| 2009-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2009-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 3.25% |
| 2009-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2008-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.25% |
| 2008-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 0.13% |
| 2008-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 7.00% |
| 2008-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 2.00% |
| 2008-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 7.25% |
| 2008-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 2.00% |
| 2008-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 7.25% |
| 2008-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 2.25% |
| 2007-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.75% |
| 2007-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.25% |
| 2007-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 4.75% |
| 2007-09-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.50% |
| 2007-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 2007-06-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.25% |
| 2007-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 2007-03-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.25% |
| 2006-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 2006-12-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.25% |
| 2006-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 2006-09-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.00% |
| 2006-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.75% |
| 2006-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 2006-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2006-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.75% |
| 2005-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.25% |
| 2005-12-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2005-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2005-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.75% |
| 2005-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2005-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.25% |
| 2005-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2005-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 2.75% |
| 2004-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.25% |
| 2004-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 2.25% |
| 2004-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.25% |
| 2004-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.75% |
| 2004-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.25% |
| 2004-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.25% |
| 2004-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.25% |
| 2004-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.00% |
| 2003-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.25% |
| 2003-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.00% |
| 2003-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2003-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.00% |
| 2003-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2003-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.00% |
| 2003-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2003-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.25% |
| 2002-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2002-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.25% |
| 2002-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2002-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.75% |
| 2002-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 1.75% |
| 2002-06-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2002-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.75% |
| 2002-03-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.25% |
| 2001-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.25% |
| 2001-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 1.75% |
| 2001-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.00% |
| 2001-09-28 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 2001-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 3.75% |
| 2001-06-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 2001-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.00% |
| 2001-03-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2000-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 6.50% |
| 2000-12-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.25% |
| 2000-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 6.50% |
| 2000-09-29 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.25% |
| 2000-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.00% |
| 2000-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 6.50% |
| 2000-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 2000-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 6.00% |
| 1999-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1999-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1999-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 1999-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 1999-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 1999-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.00% |
| 1999-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 1999-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.75% |
| 1998-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 4.75% |
| 1998-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 4.75% |
| 1998-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1998-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 1998-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1998-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1998-03-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1998-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1997-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1997-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1997-09-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.00% |
| 1997-09-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1997-06-30 | AUD policy benchmark | 5.50% |
| 1997-06-30 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1997-03-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.50% |
| 1997-03-27 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.00% |
| 1996-12-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 6.00% |
| 1996-12-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
| 1996-10-31 | AUD policy benchmark | 7.00% |
| 1996-10-31 | USD target midpoint | 5.25% |
AUD policy benchmark: BIS · USD target midpoint: BIS · Quarter-end samples plus the latest observation. Coverage dates are shown above the chart.
History follows the BIS policy benchmark. USD is the Fed target midpoint. Current-rate cards use their labelled benchmarks. Historical instruments can differ; see definitions below.
Historical rate definitions ↓
AUD policy benchmark: From 2 Aug 1990 onwards: cash rate target; from 23 Jan 1990 to 1 Aug 1990: middle of the cash rate target range; from 7 Apr 1976 to 22 Jan 1990: interbank overnight cash rate.
USD target midpoint: From 19 Dec 1985 onwards: mid-point of the Federal Reserve target rate; from 1 Jul 1954 to 18 Dec 1985: US Fed Funds effective rate.
02 / Economic momentum
What is happening beneath the currency?
Prices reveal inflation pressure. Growth shows the pace of the underlying economy.
Is inflation cooling?
Annual change, %AUD: Apr 2025 – Aug 2026 · USD: Nov 2006 – Sept 2026 · Quarterly samples + latest
View chart data ↓
| Period | Currency | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-30 | USD | 3.74% |
| 2026-08-31 | AUD | 3.97% |
| 2026-06-30 | AUD | 3.75% |
| 2026-06-30 | USD | 3.53% |
| 2026-03-31 | AUD | 4.57% |
| 2026-03-31 | USD | 3.26% |
| 2025-12-31 | AUD | 3.76% |
| 2025-12-31 | USD | 2.68% |
| 2025-09-30 | AUD | 3.58% |
| 2025-09-30 | USD | 3.01% |
| 2025-06-30 | AUD | 1.89% |
| 2025-06-30 | USD | 2.67% |
| 2025-04-30 | AUD | 2.37% |
| 2025-03-31 | USD | 2.39% |
| 2024-12-31 | USD | 2.89% |
| 2024-09-30 | USD | 2.44% |
| 2024-06-30 | USD | 2.97% |
| 2024-03-31 | USD | 3.48% |
| 2023-12-31 | USD | 3.35% |
| 2023-09-30 | USD | 3.70% |
| 2023-06-30 | USD | 2.97% |
| 2023-03-31 | USD | 4.98% |
| 2022-12-31 | USD | 6.45% |
| 2022-09-30 | USD | 8.20% |
| 2022-06-30 | USD | 9.06% |
| 2022-03-31 | USD | 8.54% |
| 2021-12-31 | USD | 7.04% |
| 2021-09-30 | USD | 5.39% |
| 2021-06-30 | USD | 5.39% |
| 2021-03-31 | USD | 2.62% |
| 2020-12-31 | USD | 1.36% |
| 2020-09-30 | USD | 1.37% |
| 2020-06-30 | USD | 0.65% |
| 2020-03-31 | USD | 1.54% |
| 2019-12-31 | USD | 2.29% |
| 2019-09-30 | USD | 1.71% |
| 2019-06-30 | USD | 1.65% |
| 2019-03-31 | USD | 1.86% |
| 2018-12-31 | USD | 1.91% |
| 2018-09-30 | USD | 2.28% |
| 2018-06-30 | USD | 2.87% |
| 2018-03-31 | USD | 2.36% |
| 2017-12-31 | USD | 2.11% |
| 2017-09-30 | USD | 2.23% |
| 2017-06-30 | USD | 1.63% |
| 2017-03-31 | USD | 2.38% |
| 2016-12-31 | USD | 2.07% |
| 2016-09-30 | USD | 1.46% |
| 2016-06-30 | USD | 1.00% |
| 2016-03-31 | USD | 0.85% |
| 2015-12-31 | USD | 0.73% |
| 2015-09-30 | USD | -0.04% |
| 2015-06-30 | USD | 0.12% |
| 2015-03-31 | USD | -0.07% |
| 2014-12-31 | USD | 0.76% |
| 2014-09-30 | USD | 1.66% |
| 2014-06-30 | USD | 2.07% |
| 2014-03-31 | USD | 1.51% |
| 2013-12-31 | USD | 1.50% |
| 2013-09-30 | USD | 1.18% |
| 2013-06-30 | USD | 1.75% |
| 2013-03-31 | USD | 1.47% |
| 2012-12-31 | USD | 1.74% |
| 2012-09-30 | USD | 1.99% |
| 2012-06-30 | USD | 1.66% |
| 2012-03-31 | USD | 2.65% |
| 2011-12-31 | USD | 2.96% |
| 2011-09-30 | USD | 3.87% |
| 2011-06-30 | USD | 3.56% |
| 2011-03-31 | USD | 2.68% |
| 2010-12-31 | USD | 1.50% |
| 2010-09-30 | USD | 1.14% |
| 2010-06-30 | USD | 1.05% |
| 2010-03-31 | USD | 2.31% |
| 2009-12-31 | USD | 2.72% |
| 2009-09-30 | USD | -1.29% |
| 2009-06-30 | USD | -1.43% |
| 2009-03-31 | USD | -0.38% |
| 2008-12-31 | USD | 0.09% |
| 2008-09-30 | USD | 4.94% |
| 2008-06-30 | USD | 5.02% |
| 2008-03-31 | USD | 3.98% |
| 2007-12-31 | USD | 4.08% |
| 2007-09-30 | USD | 2.76% |
| 2007-06-30 | USD | 2.69% |
| 2007-03-31 | USD | 2.78% |
| 2006-12-31 | USD | 2.54% |
| 2006-11-30 | USD | 1.97% |
Falling inflation means prices are rising more slowly—not necessarily falling.
AUD: OECD · USD: OECD · Headline measures; baskets differ.
Which economy is growing faster?
Year over year, %AUD: Dec 2016 – Jun 2026 · USD: Dec 2016 – Jun 2026
View chart data ↓
| Period | Currency | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-30 | AUD | 2.14% |
| 2026-06-30 | USD | 2.19% |
| 2026-03-31 | AUD | 2.50% |
| 2026-03-31 | USD | 2.64% |
| 2025-12-31 | AUD | 2.61% |
| 2025-12-31 | USD | 2.05% |
| 2025-09-30 | AUD | 2.13% |
| 2025-09-30 | USD | 2.60% |
| 2025-06-30 | AUD | 1.90% |
| 2025-06-30 | USD | 2.42% |
| 2025-03-31 | AUD | 1.28% |
| 2025-03-31 | USD | 2.31% |
| 2024-12-31 | AUD | 1.23% |
| 2024-12-31 | USD | 2.64% |
| 2024-09-30 | AUD | 0.82% |
| 2024-09-30 | USD | 2.95% |
| 2024-06-30 | AUD | 0.92% |
| 2024-06-30 | USD | 3.29% |
| 2024-03-31 | AUD | 1.10% |
| 2024-03-31 | USD | 2.93% |
| 2023-12-31 | AUD | 1.33% |
| 2023-12-31 | USD | 3.42% |
| 2023-09-30 | AUD | 2.16% |
| 2023-09-30 | USD | 3.18% |
| 2023-06-30 | AUD | 2.25% |
| 2023-06-30 | USD | 2.74% |
| 2023-03-31 | AUD | 2.81% |
| 2023-03-31 | USD | 2.33% |
| 2022-12-31 | AUD | 3.26% |
| 2022-12-31 | USD | 1.23% |
| 2022-09-30 | AUD | 6.15% |
| 2022-09-30 | USD | 2.23% |
| 2022-06-30 | AUD | 3.81% |
| 2022-06-30 | USD | 2.34% |
| 2022-03-31 | AUD | 3.65% |
| 2022-03-31 | USD | 3.98% |
| 2021-09-30 | AUD | 4.67% |
| 2021-09-30 | USD | 5.27% |
| 2021-06-30 | AUD | 10.21% |
| 2021-06-30 | USD | 12.56% |
| 2021-03-31 | AUD | 1.96% |
| 2021-03-31 | USD | 1.92% |
| 2020-12-31 | AUD | -0.44% |
| 2020-12-31 | USD | -0.92% |
| 2020-09-30 | AUD | -3.17% |
| 2020-09-30 | USD | -1.36% |
| 2020-06-30 | AUD | -5.85% |
| 2020-06-30 | USD | -7.40% |
| 2020-03-31 | AUD | 1.27% |
| 2020-03-31 | USD | 1.36% |
| 2019-12-31 | AUD | 2.23% |
| 2019-12-31 | USD | 3.35% |
| 2019-09-30 | AUD | 1.87% |
| 2019-09-30 | USD | 2.80% |
| 2019-06-30 | AUD | 1.68% |
| 2019-06-30 | USD | 2.24% |
| 2019-03-31 | AUD | 2.13% |
| 2019-03-31 | USD | 1.93% |
| 2018-12-31 | AUD | 2.41% |
| 2018-12-31 | USD | 2.13% |
| 2018-09-30 | AUD | 2.57% |
| 2018-09-30 | USD | 3.13% |
| 2018-06-30 | AUD | 3.15% |
| 2018-06-30 | USD | 3.30% |
| 2018-03-31 | AUD | 3.02% |
| 2018-03-31 | USD | 3.33% |
| 2017-12-31 | AUD | 2.27% |
| 2017-12-31 | USD | 2.99% |
| 2017-09-30 | AUD | 3.05% |
| 2017-09-30 | USD | 2.41% |
| 2017-06-30 | AUD | 2.08% |
| 2017-06-30 | USD | 2.33% |
| 2017-03-31 | AUD | 2.15% |
| 2017-03-31 | USD | 2.09% |
| 2016-12-31 | AUD | 2.75% |
| 2016-12-31 | USD | 2.18% |
Bars above zero show a larger economy than a year earlier. Below zero indicates contraction.
AUD: OECD · USD: OECD · Quarterly observations · Max shows all GDP history in this publication. Euro-area series uses EA20.
03 / Money & liquidity
Follow the layers
of money.
Choose the aggregate, then compare its expansion. The index starts at 100 so different currencies can be read on the same scale.
M1 · Ready to spend
Cash and immediately accessible deposits. US M1 expanded in May 2020 to include savings deposits; the earlier definition stays separate.
M2 · Money plus liquid savings
Includes M1 and additional savings or short-term deposits. National definitions differ.
M3 · The broader layer
Where published, includes M2 and selected larger deposits or marketable instruments. The US stopped publishing M3 in 2006.
M1 is included in M2, and M2 in M3 where defined. Do not sum these layers. Amounts in different currencies are not directly comparable.
M2 relative expansion
USD: Oct 2006 – Aug 2026 · Quarterly samples + latest
View chart data ↓
| Period | Currency | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-31 | USD | 333.37 index points |
| 2026-06-30 | USD | 330.11 index points |
| 2026-03-31 | USD | 323.34 index points |
| 2025-12-31 | USD | 319.27 index points |
| 2025-09-30 | USD | 316.71 index points |
| 2025-06-30 | USD | 313.37 index points |
| 2025-03-31 | USD | 309.68 index points |
| 2024-12-31 | USD | 306.87 index points |
| 2024-09-30 | USD | 303.85 index points |
| 2024-06-30 | USD | 300.92 index points |
| 2024-03-31 | USD | 299.42 index points |
| 2023-12-31 | USD | 296.77 index points |
| 2023-09-30 | USD | 296.39 index points |
| 2023-06-30 | USD | 297.04 index points |
| 2023-03-31 | USD | 299.09 index points |
| 2022-12-31 | USD | 304.10 index points |
| 2022-09-30 | USD | 307.64 index points |
| 2022-06-30 | USD | 309.15 index points |
| 2022-03-31 | USD | 311.17 index points |
| 2021-12-31 | USD | 307.09 index points |
| 2021-09-30 | USD | 299.70 index points |
| 2021-06-30 | USD | 292.38 index points |
| 2021-03-31 | USD | 283.84 index points |
| 2020-12-31 | USD | 273.05 index points |
| 2020-09-30 | USD | 265.71 index points |
| 2020-06-30 | USD | 259.64 index points |
| 2020-03-31 | USD | 228.99 index points |
| 2019-12-31 | USD | 219.24 index points |
| 2019-09-30 | USD | 214.90 index points |
| 2019-06-30 | USD | 211.35 index points |
| 2019-03-31 | USD | 207.93 index points |
| 2018-12-31 | USD | 205.54 index points |
| 2018-09-30 | USD | 203.42 index points |
| 2018-06-30 | USD | 201.84 index points |
| 2018-03-31 | USD | 200.15 index points |
| 2017-12-31 | USD | 198.33 index points |
| 2017-09-30 | USD | 196.27 index points |
| 2017-06-30 | USD | 193.90 index points |
| 2017-03-31 | USD | 192.29 index points |
| 2016-12-31 | USD | 189.09 index points |
| 2016-09-30 | USD | 186.41 index points |
| 2016-06-30 | USD | 183.51 index points |
| 2016-03-31 | USD | 180.83 index points |
| 2015-12-31 | USD | 177.00 index points |
| 2015-09-30 | USD | 173.84 index points |
| 2015-06-30 | USD | 171.68 index points |
| 2015-03-31 | USD | 170.22 index points |
| 2014-12-31 | USD | 167.40 index points |
| 2014-09-30 | USD | 164.53 index points |
| 2014-06-30 | USD | 162.79 index points |
| 2014-03-31 | USD | 160.36 index points |
| 2013-12-31 | USD | 157.99 index points |
| 2013-09-30 | USD | 155.18 index points |
| 2013-06-30 | USD | 152.89 index points |
| 2013-03-31 | USD | 151.08 index points |
| 2012-12-31 | USD | 149.75 index points |
| 2012-09-30 | USD | 146.08 index points |
| 2012-06-30 | USD | 143.15 index points |
| 2012-03-31 | USD | 140.66 index points |
| 2011-12-31 | USD | 138.29 index points |
| 2011-09-30 | USD | 136.43 index points |
| 2011-06-30 | USD | 131.16 index points |
| 2011-03-31 | USD | 128.07 index points |
| 2010-12-31 | USD | 125.99 index points |
| 2010-09-30 | USD | 124.53 index points |
| 2010-06-30 | USD | 123.26 index points |
| 2010-03-31 | USD | 121.66 index points |
| 2009-12-31 | USD | 121.54 index points |
| 2009-09-30 | USD | 120.86 index points |
| 2009-06-30 | USD | 120.86 index points |
| 2009-03-31 | USD | 119.69 index points |
| 2008-12-31 | USD | 117.15 index points |
| 2008-09-30 | USD | 112.45 index points |
| 2008-06-30 | USD | 110.64 index points |
| 2008-03-31 | USD | 109.47 index points |
| 2007-12-31 | USD | 106.86 index points |
| 2007-09-30 | USD | 105.88 index points |
| 2007-06-30 | USD | 104.12 index points |
| 2007-03-31 | USD | 102.32 index points |
| 2006-12-31 | USD | 101.10 index points |
| 2006-10-31 | USD | 100.00 index points |
USD: Federal Reserve Only one side has this aggregate. First valid shared displayed month = 100.
USD: H6 M1 definition break in May 2020; YoY windows must not cross the break. M1 and M2 overlap.
04 / Government finances
Government debt. Two useful perspectives.
Compare debt with the size of each economy, or see the total amount on a shared US-dollar scale.
General-government gross debt, not net debt. Each value shows its own reference year.
The debt burden through time
% of GDP · General-government gross debt
AUD: Dec 1989 – Dec 2025 · USD: Dec 2001 – Dec 2025 · Annual observations
View chart data ↓
| Period | Currency | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-31 | AUD | 51.90% |
| 2025-12-31 | USD | 124.40% |
| 2024-12-31 | AUD | 50.90% |
| 2024-12-31 | USD | 122.30% |
| 2023-12-31 | AUD | 49.40% |
| 2023-12-31 | USD | 120.00% |
| 2022-12-31 | AUD | 50.00% |
| 2022-12-31 | USD | 119.20% |
| 2021-12-31 | AUD | 55.40% |
| 2021-12-31 | USD | 125.00% |
| 2020-12-31 | AUD | 56.90% |
| 2020-12-31 | USD | 132.60% |
| 2019-12-31 | AUD | 46.50% |
| 2019-12-31 | USD | 108.80% |
| 2018-12-31 | AUD | 41.60% |
| 2018-12-31 | USD | 107.70% |
| 2017-12-31 | AUD | 41.00% |
| 2017-12-31 | USD | 106.50% |
| 2016-12-31 | AUD | 40.50% |
| 2016-12-31 | USD | 107.50% |
| 2015-12-31 | AUD | 37.60% |
| 2015-12-31 | USD | 105.50% |
| 2014-12-31 | AUD | 33.90% |
| 2014-12-31 | USD | 105.00% |
| 2013-12-31 | AUD | 30.30% |
| 2013-12-31 | USD | 105.00% |
| 2012-12-31 | AUD | 27.40% |
| 2012-12-31 | USD | 103.70% |
| 2011-12-31 | AUD | 24.00% |
| 2011-12-31 | USD | 100.00% |
| 2010-12-31 | AUD | 20.30% |
| 2010-12-31 | USD | 95.70% |
| 2009-12-31 | AUD | 16.60% |
| 2009-12-31 | USD | 87.10% |
| 2008-12-31 | AUD | 11.70% |
| 2008-12-31 | USD | 73.90% |
| 2007-12-31 | AUD | 9.60% |
| 2007-12-31 | USD | 65.00% |
| 2006-12-31 | AUD | 9.90% |
| 2006-12-31 | USD | 64.50% |
| 2005-12-31 | AUD | 10.80% |
| 2005-12-31 | USD | 65.80% |
| 2004-12-31 | AUD | 11.90% |
| 2004-12-31 | USD | 66.40% |
| 2003-12-31 | AUD | 13.20% |
| 2003-12-31 | USD | 59.00% |
| 2002-12-31 | AUD | 15.00% |
| 2002-12-31 | USD | 55.90% |
| 2001-12-31 | AUD | 17.10% |
| 2001-12-31 | USD | 53.50% |
| 2000-12-31 | AUD | 19.50% |
| 1999-12-31 | AUD | 22.50% |
| 1998-12-31 | AUD | 23.70% |
| 1997-12-31 | AUD | 25.90% |
| 1996-12-31 | AUD | 29.30% |
| 1995-12-31 | AUD | 31.10% |
| 1994-12-31 | AUD | 31.70% |
| 1993-12-31 | AUD | 30.60% |
| 1992-12-31 | AUD | 27.60% |
| 1991-12-31 | AUD | 21.60% |
| 1990-12-31 | AUD | 16.40% |
| 1989-12-31 | AUD | 17.00% |
IMF World Economic Outlook · Historical reported values and staff estimates · Current and future years excluded.
Government boundaries and accounting practices differ. Debt-to-GDP provides fiscal context; it does not determine an exchange rate or default risk on its own.
05 / What to watch
The next releases on the horizon
Selected releases for these two economies. Dates can change; unverified times are omitted.
Inflation report
2026-Q3 · Time not confirmed
Interest-rate decision
2026-10-28 · Time not confirmed
GDP release
2026-Q3 · Time not confirmed
Interest-rate decision
2026-11-03 · Time not confirmed
Labour market report
2026-10 · Time not confirmed
Inflation report
2026-10 · Time not confirmed
Published calendar snapshot checked 24 Oct 2026. Importance labels describe release type, not predicted market impact.
Read the relationship,
not a single number.
Australia and United States are the economies behind AUD/USD. AUD has the higher displayed policy rate by 0.60 percentage points.
Compare changes over time, then watch the next release. Higher rates, stronger growth or lower inflation do not guarantee a stronger currency: markets also price what comes next.
Transparent by design
Sources, definitions & useful context
What do these numbers tell me about AUD / USD?+
Australia and United States are the economies behind AUD/USD. AUD has the higher displayed policy rate by 0.60 percentage points. These measures describe monetary policy and economic conditions; they are not a buy or sell signal.
Why do the dates and measurements differ?+
Rates and yields are daily observations, inflation is monthly and GDP is quarterly. Each number shows its own observation period. We preserve native units and definitions, including the Fed target upper bound, euro-area HICP and Germany as the euro-area government-yield benchmark. Latest values may refer to different periods.
How are the charts calculated?+
The 10-, 20- and 30-year views use the final available observation in each quarter, plus the latest observation. The 5-year view uses month-end samples. Each chart shows its actual available date range; a 30-year selection does not manufacture missing history. Lines do not imply intraday updates. GDP uses native quarterly observations with its own 5Y, 10Y and Max controls. Government debt uses annual observations. Monetary growth compares the same series 12 months apart; the index starts at 100 in a shared month. We do not combine different currencies, interpolate missing observations, or sum overlapping monetary aggregates. Expand each chart’s data table for exact plotted values.
Snapshot and coverage details+
Last checked 2026-10-24T04:58:48.175642+00:00. Published automatically after accepted daily ingestion. Each series shows its own reported observation period and available history. Hong Kong is intentionally outside local macro coverage. Policy history covers up to 30 years using the available official benchmark series, with definition changes disclosed above. Euro-area policy history starts in January 1999; no pre-euro national rate is substituted; several inflation, GDP and monetary series extend about 20 years. Some currencies have shorter histories or only one-sided M2 coverage.